Ancient Sunscreen Secrets: How Our 40,000-Year-Old Ancestors Shielded Themselves from Sun Damage

Long before we had modern sunscreens, our ancestors found natural ways to guard against the sun’s harmful rays. About 40,000 years ago, as the environment shifted dramatically, early humans turned to ochre, a red pigment, to protect their skin from dangerous ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Research in the Journal Science Advances reveals that this innovative use of ochre, along with tailored clothing and cave shelters, was crucial for adapting to one of Earth’s most turbulent times.

Between 42,200 and 41,500 years ago, a significant geological event known as the Laschamps excursion occurred. During this time, Earth’s magnetic field weakened, dropping to just 10% of its typical strength. This drastic reduction exposed the planet to increased cosmic radiation and led to spectacular auroras that could be seen far beyond the poles, even reaching Europe and northern Africa.

A team from the University of Michigan created a 3D model of this period, demonstrating how the weakened geomagnetic field allowed cosmic rays to penetrate deeper into the atmosphere. Their findings suggest a correlation between this exposure to radiation and changes in human behavior that may have aided survival, especially for Homo sapiens, while other species like the Neanderthals struggled.

During this timeframe, Homo sapiens increasingly utilized ochre, primarily known for its role in cave art and decoration. Interestingly, experimental studies show that ochre can act as a barrier against UV radiation, providing an extra layer of protection. Simultaneously, archaeological evidence points to the production of tailored clothing, offering better insulation and shielding from the sun. These innovative garments were crafted using tools like scrapers, needles, and awls, indicating a significant leap in clothing technology.

This research also provides new insights into the disappearance of Neanderthals around 40,000 years ago. While earlier theories focused on competition for resources, scientists now suggest that the lack of protective measures, like ochre and specialized clothing, may have left Neanderthals vulnerable to the increased UV radiation during the Laschamps excursion.

Regions most affected by cosmic rays during this period coincide with areas where early Homo sapiens thrived. Their ability to seek refuge in caves and enhance their protective strategies might have made the difference between survival and extinction.

Although the findings are mainly correlative, they open a new perspective on human adaptation during challenging times. Life thrived when Earth’s protection weakened, challenging the notion that a strong magnetic field is essential for survival.

Researchers warn that if a similar magnetic event were to happen today, it could disrupt modern technology, including satellites and communication systems. Their 3D model also provides valuable insights into predicting future magnetic shifts and their potential effects on life on Earth—and possibly even other planets with weaker magnetic fields.

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