Climate litigation is gaining momentum around the world, according to a recent report by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Sabin Centre for Climate Change Law at Columbia University. It highlights how legal actions are now focusing on matters like greenwashing, carbon offsets, and the high energy demand of data centers.
This report, titled Climate Change in the Courtroom: Trends, Impacts, and Emerging Lessons, marks the fourth edition since its launch in 2017. It draws from data in the Sabin Centre’s Climate Change Litigation Databases, showcasing key trends, ongoing cases, and court rulings.
Inger Andersen, the Executive Director of UNEP, stated, “Climate litigation has evolved into a powerful global tool for advancing climate action and accountability.” She emphasized that changing our energy, transportation, housing, and food systems requires everyone’s effort. Strong legal systems are crucial for a just and effective transformation.
As of June 30, 2025, there have been 3,099 climate-related lawsuits filed across 55 countries and 24 international bodies. This number has grown significantly from 2,180 cases in 2022, 1,550 in 2020, and 884 in 2017. Interestingly, while cases from the Global South still make up less than 10% of the total, their presence is on the rise.
The history of climate litigation goes back nearly four decades, and it has matured into a crucial area of climate governance. Nowadays, it touches on many issues, including biodiversity and pollution. The report shines a light on pivotal court decisions, like the recent Advisory Opinion from the International Court of Justice, which clarifies governmental responsibilities regarding climate change. Courts are increasingly acknowledging the link between specific extreme weather events and greenhouse gas emissions, which strengthens climate claims.
However, amidst this progress, the report also points out a concerning trend: the rise of anti-climate litigation. Such lawsuits often seek to weaken environmental regulations, targeting advocacy groups and journalists who oppose high-emission projects. This backlash could hinder climate progress.
Interestingly, social media has become a platform for public discourse on climate litigation, with hashtags like #ClimateJustice trending. This shows an increasing public awareness and engagement in climate issues. Additionally, a recent study found that 77% of people support using the legal system to challenge companies that fail to address climate change.
In summary, climate litigation is rapidly evolving. It represents a crucial part of global efforts to combat climate change, while also facing challenges that could undermine its effectiveness.
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