Current Affairs Report: May 12, 2025

This detailed report compiles the latest developments as of May 12, 2025, tailored for aspirants preparing for UPSC, SSC, Banking, and other government exams. Covering politics, economy, science, international relations, environment, defense, and sports, the report draws from credible sources like The Hindu, Indian Express, Times of India, Hindustan Times, Business Standard, Livemint, The Economic Times, Press Information Bureau (PIB), PRS Legislative Research, BBC News, Reuters, and Down To Earth. The aim is to provide a comprehensive, engaging, and SEO-optimized resource to give students a competitive edge.

Politics & Governance

Operation Sindoor: A Decisive Anti-Terrorism Move

On May 7, 2025, India launched Operation Sindoor, a military operation targeting nine terrorist camps in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) in retaliation for the Pahalgam terror attack on April 22, 2025, which killed 25 Indians and one Nepali citizen. The operation, conducted between 1:05 a.m. and 1:30 a.m., used loitering munitions (suicide drones) for precision strikes to minimize collateral damage. Key targets included Markaz Taiba in Muridke, linked to the 2008 Mumbai attacks, and Markaz Subhanallah in Bahawalpur, a Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) stronghold. No immediate civilian casualties were reported in Pakistan, but Pakistan’s retaliatory shelling along the Line of Control (LoC) killed at least 10 civilians in Poonch, Kupwara, and Baramulla districts.

Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri emphasized that India’s actions were a response to Pakistan’s escalation via the Pahalgam attack, with Pakistan’s opposition to naming The Resistance Force (TRF) at the UN Security Council drawing criticism. On May 12, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the nation, stating that Operation Sindoor established a “new normal” in India’s zero-tolerance policy against terrorism, referencing past actions like the 2016 surgical strikes and 2019 Balakot air strikes. A ceasefire was announced on the same day, boosting investor sentiment and leading to a stock market rally.

Location	Details
Sawai Nala (Muzaffarabad)	LeT centre, trained terrorists for attacks in Sonmarg, Gulmarg, and Pahalgam
Markaz Taiba (Muridke)	Trained Ajmal Kasab for 2008 Mumbai attacks, hit four times by IAF
Markaz Subhanallah (Bahawalpur)	JeM headquarters, recruitment and training camp

Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025: Reforming Property Management

On April 2, 2025, the Lok Sabha passed the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, officially named the Unified Waqf Management Empowerment, Efficiency and Development Bill (UMEED), after a 12-hour debate. The bill, passed with 288 votes in favor and 232 against, aims to enhance transparency in Waqf property management. Home Minister Amit Shah assured that the bill does not interfere with Muslim religious practices, while Minority Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju highlighted benefits for Muslim women and children.

Key provisions include prohibiting land declaration as Waqf property without proper documentation, allowing all Muslim communities (Shia, Pasmanda, Ahmadiya, Bohris) to register trusts independently, and mandating diverse representation in the Waqf Board, including two women and non-Muslim members for administrative purposes. The bill faced opposition, with Rahul Gandhi and Asaduddin Owaisi arguing it marginalizes Muslims and violates Article 26 of the Constitution. Despite criticism, the Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) adopted 14 amendments, ensuring existing Waqf properties remain intact.

Economy

RBI’s Monetary Policy: Repo Rate Cut to 6%

On April 9, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), led by Governor Sanjay Malhotra, announced a 25-basis-point cut in the repo rate, bringing it to 6% from 6.25%. This followed a similar cut in February 2025 to 6.25%, reflecting a shift to an accommodative policy stance amid global trade tensions, particularly due to U.S. tariff hikes. The RBI projected a real GDP growth of 6.5% for 2025-26, down from 6.7%, with quarterly forecasts of 6.5%, 6.7%, 6.6%, and 6.3%. CPI inflation is expected at 4%, with quarterly projections ranging from 3.6% to 4.4%. The Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) rate was adjusted to 5.75%, and the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate to 6.25%.

Stock Market Rally: Sensex and Nifty Surge

On May 12, 2025, the BSE Sensex surged by 1,793.73 points (2.3%) to 81,248.20, and the NSE Nifty climbed 553.25 points to 24,561.25. The rally was driven by the India-Pakistan ceasefire announcement and positive global trade developments, including U.S.-China trade talks and a U.S.-U.K. trade deal. This rebound followed a volatile period, with a significant crash on April 7, 2025, when the Sensex fell 2,227 points due to trade war fears.

Science & Technology

ISRO’s 2025 Missions: Reaching New Heights

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has a robust lineup for 2025, reinforcing India’s space ambitions. Key missions include:

GSLV-F15/NVS-02: Scheduled for late January 2025, this mission will launch the second navigation satellite, NVS-02, with integration advanced at Sriharikota.
NISAR: A joint ISRO-NASA mission using GSLV-F16, the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture RADAR (NISAR) satellite is in final testing, with vehicle systems ready for integration.
LVM3-M5: A commercial mission in March 2025 to launch BlueBird Block-2 satellites for AST SpaceMobile Inc..
Gaganyaan: The first uncrewed orbital mission, using a human-rated LVM3, will validate end-to-end human spaceflight capabilities.

The PSLV-C60 mission on December 30, 2024, successfully deployed the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) satellites, with docking attempted on January 7, 2025, marking a milestone in India’s space technology.

AI Advancements: Ethical Innovation

India is advancing in artificial intelligence (AI) with initiatives like the Center for Generative AI, Shrijan, established at IIT Jodhpur in collaboration with Meta. This center aims to promote open-source AI and empower innovators through hackathons and workshops. At The Hindu Huddle 2025, experts like Kalika Bali from Microsoft Research emphasized that AI amplifies human capacity rather than replacing it, urging focus on reducing biases and ensuring data representativeness. In healthcare, AI-driven diagnostics are transforming medical technology, with startups like Saintiant Technologies leading innovations, supported by government policies promoting deep tech R&D.

International Relations

Operation Sindoor: Global Implications

Operation Sindoor had significant international repercussions. On April 30, 2025, India banned Pakistan airlines from its airspace, reciprocating Pakistan’s earlier ban on Indian carriers. Saudi Arabia and Kuwait urged de-escalation, with External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar engaging counterparts like Abdullah Ali Al-Yahya of Kuwait. India’s outreach to UN Security Council members, including Denmark, underscored its diplomatic efforts. The ceasefire on May 12, 2025, was seen as a bilateral agreement, though Congress raised concerns about U.S. mediation claims by President Donald Trump.

India’s UN Contribution

India paid USD 37.64 million to the United Nations Regular Budget for 2025, earning a spot on the UN honour roll for timely contributions. This payment, reported on February 4, 2025, reflects India’s commitment to multilateralism and global cooperation.

Environment

Climate Change Performance: India Ranks 10th

The Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2025, released on November 20, 2024, at the UN climate conference in Baku, ranked India 10th among 63 countries and the EU, responsible for 90% of global emissions. Despite dropping two spots, India’s low per capita emissions (2.9 tons of CO2 equivalent) and rapid renewable energy deployment were praised. India aims for net zero by 2070 and 500 GW of renewable energy by 2030, but faces challenges from heatwaves and extreme weather, as noted in a 2024 report highlighting India’s second-hottest season since 1970.

Defense

Defense Reforms: Year of Transformation

On January 1, 2025, the Defence Ministry declared 2025 as the “year of reforms,” focusing on simplifying procurement and establishing integrated theatre commands to enhance synergy among the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh emphasized transforming the military into a technologically advanced, combat-ready force. These reforms aim to streamline operations and boost efficiency.

Operation Sindoor: Military Precision

Operation Sindoor showcased India’s military capabilities, with the Indian Air Force (IAF) conducting precision strikes on terror camps. The operation’s success was highlighted by the performance of indigenous defense systems like the Akash system, as noted by Air Marshal A.K. Bharti. The BJP planned a Tiranga Yatra from May 13 to 23, 2025, to celebrate the operation’s success and the armed forces’ valor.

Sports

IPL 2025: Cricket’s Grand Stage

The Indian Premier League (IPL) 2025, its 18th edition, began on March 22, 2025, featuring 74 matches across 13 Indian cities. The tournament was briefly suspended due to India-Pakistan tensions but is set to resume on May 16 or 17, 2025, with the BCCI recalling overseas players. Kolkata will host the final, though logistical changes are possible. Standout performances include young batsman Vaibhav Suryavanshi, who made headlines at 14 with his explosive batting. The IPL remains a focal point for cricket enthusiasts, with teams like Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB) facing challenges due to injuries.

Conclusion

The events of May 12, 2025, reflect India’s dynamic engagement across multiple fronts. From decisive anti-terrorism measures and legislative reforms to economic stimulus and space exploration, India is navigating complex challenges with resilience. These updates provide a comprehensive resource for exam aspirants, offering insights into current affairs that shape India’s trajectory.

Key Citations:

Daily quiz on current affairs with answers

Question 1: What was the primary objective of Operation Sindoor conducted by India on May 7, 2025?
Option 1: To retaliate against the Pahalgam terror attack
Option 2: To disrupt ceasefire agreements with Pakistan
Option 3: To test new loitering munitions technology
Option 4: To carry out humanitarian relief in PoK
Option 5: To support NATO operations in Afghanistan
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: Operation Sindoor was launched by India in response to the Pahalgam terror attack on April 22, 2025, which resulted in the deaths of 26 individuals, including one Nepali citizen. The operation targeted nine terrorist camps in Pakistan and PoK, aiming to eliminate key terror hubs using precision drone strikes, marking a firm retaliation and establishing a “new normal” in India’s counterterrorism strategy.

Question 2: Which rate was reduced by the RBI in April 2025 as part of its monetary policy decision?
Option 1: Reverse Repo Rate
Option 2: Repo Rate
Option 3: Bank Rate
Option 4: Cash Reserve Ratio
Option 5: Marginal Standing Facility Rate
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: The Reserve Bank of India reduced the repo rate by 25 basis points to 6% in April 2025, continuing an accommodative stance due to global trade tensions. This was the second consecutive cut in 2025, aiming to support growth amidst a revised GDP projection of 6.5% for the fiscal year.

Question 3: Which ISRO mission is a joint collaboration with NASA and aims to map Earth’s surface using radar?
Option 1: PSLV-C60
Option 2: GSLV-F15/NVS-02
Option 3: NISAR
Option 4: LVM3-M5
Option 5: Gaganyaan
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a joint mission between India and the USA, set for launch on GSLV-F16. It is designed to monitor Earth’s land and ice surfaces with high accuracy, crucial for tracking environmental changes, earthquakes, and agricultural productivity.

Question 4: What is the name of the Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025 passed in the Lok Sabha to enhance transparency in Waqf property management?
Option 1: Inclusive Waqf Governance Bill
Option 2: Minority Property Reform Bill
Option 3: UJWALA Property Management Bill
Option 4: Unified Waqf Management Empowerment, Efficiency and Development Bill (UMEED)
Option 5: Secular Waqf Regulatory Reform Bill
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: The Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2025, officially titled the Unified Waqf Management Empowerment, Efficiency and Development Bill (UMEED), was passed to improve accountability and inclusivity in managing Waqf properties. It introduces safeguards like requiring documentation for Waqf property claims and mandates diverse board representation.

Question 5: Which Indian city is scheduled to host the final of IPL 2025, subject to logistical confirmations?
Option 1: Ahmedabad
Option 2: Mumbai
Option 3: Chennai
Option 4: Delhi
Option 5: Kolkata
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: Kolkata has been designated to host the final of IPL 2025. The tournament resumed after a brief suspension due to India-Pakistan tensions, and while Kolkata is the planned venue, the BCCI may change it based on security and logistics closer to the event.

Question 6: What was the primary cause for the stock market surge on May 12, 2025, with Sensex gaining over 1,700 points?
Option 1: RBI announcing fiscal stimulus package
Option 2: Indian GDP surpassing expectations
Option 3: Announcement of India-Pakistan ceasefire
Option 4: New FDI reforms in defense sector
Option 5: Corporate earnings exceeding forecast
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: The stock market rally was driven largely by the announcement of a ceasefire between India and Pakistan following Operation Sindoor. This geopolitical de-escalation, along with positive developments in global trade, restored investor confidence, leading to a significant jump in both Sensex and Nifty.

Question 7: Which center was recently launched at IIT Jodhpur to promote ethical and open-source innovation in AI?
Option 1: Bharat AI Foundation
Option 2: Center for Generative AI, Shrijan
Option 3: AI Ethical Governance Cell
Option 4: National AI Mission Lab
Option 5: AI for India Initiative
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: The Center for Generative AI, named Shrijan, was launched at IIT Jodhpur with Meta’s collaboration. It aims to foster ethical AI development through open-source projects, workshops, and innovation challenges, encouraging responsible AI adoption across sectors.

Question 8: Which international body did India pay USD 37.64 million to as part of its regular budget contribution for 2025?
Option 1: World Bank
Option 2: International Monetary Fund
Option 3: World Health Organization
Option 4: United Nations
Option 5: International Atomic Energy Agency
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: India paid USD 37.64 million to the United Nations as its regular budget contribution for 2025, securing a place on the UN honour roll. This demonstrates India’s commitment to multilateralism and its responsibilities as a major global player.

Question 9: What is India’s target for renewable energy capacity by 2030, as reaffirmed in the Climate Change Performance Index 2025?
Option 1: 350 GW
Option 2: 400 GW
Option 3: 450 GW
Option 4: 500 GW
Option 5: 550 GW
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: India has set an ambitious target of 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030. This was reaffirmed in the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI) 2025, where India ranked 10th globally, with commendation for its low per capita emissions and rapid clean energy expansion.

Question 10: Which reform initiative declared by the Defense Ministry aims to establish integrated theatre commands in India’s armed forces?
Option 1: Mission Samriddhi
Option 2: Operation Shakti
Option 3: Suraksha 2025
Option 4: Year of Reforms
Option 5: Force Integration Initiative
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: The Defence Ministry designated 2025 as the “Year of Reforms,” with key initiatives including the creation of integrated theatre commands to improve coordination across the Army, Navy, and Air Force. These reforms aim to modernize India’s defense infrastructure and streamline operations.

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