Uncovering a 125,000-Year-Old Neanderthal ‘Fat Factory’ in Germany: What This Ancient Discovery Reveals

In a groundbreaking discovery, researchers have uncovered what is being called a “fat factory” used by Neanderthals near a lake in Germany. Approximately 125,000 years ago, these early humans were systematically processing animal bones to extract fatty nutrients, according to a study published in *Science Advances*.

At the Neumark-Nord site, archaeologists found around 120,000 bone fragments and 16,000 flint tools. These artifacts were accompanied by signs of fire, suggesting that Neanderthals had a specific method for extracting fat from bones. They likely smashed marrow-rich bones and boiled them for several hours. As the fat floated to the surface, it could be skimmed off once cooled.

This level of planning indicates that Neanderthals were not merely survivalists; they were skilled strategists. “This finding challenges the stereotype that Neanderthals were unintelligent,” said Wil Roebroeks, a co-author of the study and expert in Paleolithic archaeology.

Neanderthals lived across Europe and Asia until they disappeared about 40,000 years ago. Recent archaeological evidence portrays them as more sophisticated than previously thought. They created tools, made jewelry, and even engaged in artistic expression through cave engravings.

The new research suggests they were also wise about nutrition. Fat is crucial for a healthy diet, especially for hunter-gatherers who relied heavily on animal foods. Neanderthals understood that a diet low in fat could lead to protein poisoning, a condition that can occur when too much protein is consumed without adequate fat. Experts believe that this ancient wisdom reflects a nuanced understanding of their dietary needs.

A key finding of the study shows that the bones they processed likely came from large animals such as horses and deer. The Neanderthals chose the largest bones, which contained the most marrow. This resourcefulness made it easier for them to obtain the fat they needed for sustenance.

Interestingly, the study also highlights that they may have added plant materials to their fat for flavor and additional nutrients. Researchers discovered charred remains of acorns, hazelnuts, and sloe plums at the site. This suggests that their diet went beyond simple meats and fats. “These weren’t basic hunter-gatherers; they were sophisticated planners,” said Geoff Smith, a senior researcher in zooarchaeology.

Experts like Ludovic Slimak from the French National Centre for Scientific Research find these findings exciting because they reinforce the idea that Neanderthals had rich, complex diets and strategies for survival. The Neumark-Nord site stands out as a remarkable example of Neanderthal ingenuity in food processing.

In conclusion, this discovery not only reshapes our understanding of Neanderthals but also emphasizes their capacity for innovation and adaptation. This insight is crucial as we continue to learn more about our own species’ ancestors and their survival techniques.

For further details, you can read the original article from [Science Advances](https://www.science.org) and explore more about Neanderthal life.



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