Spotting Fatty Liver Symptoms: Key Signs to Address Before Cancer Risks Rise – Who’s Most Vulnerable and Essential Lifestyle Changes to Consider

Fatty liver disease, now called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is becoming more common, especially among people who are overweight, diabetic, or have metabolic syndrome. While early symptoms might be mild or absent, it’s important to act early. If ignored, it can progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which raises the risk of liver cancer.

What Is MASLD?

MASLD happens when fat builds up in the liver of people who don’t drink much alcohol. While it may not seem dangerous at first, about 25% of those with MASLD develop MASH. This condition can cause inflammation and serious liver damage, leading to diseases like fibrosis and cirrhosis. Dr. Jessica Hwang, an internal medicine specialist, points out that fibrosis is hard to reverse, and it increases cancer risk due to ongoing inflammation and injury in liver cells.

Even individuals without cirrhosis are at risk if they have MASH. Chronic inflammation can trigger harmful changes in the liver, further elevating cancer risks.

Who is at Higher Risk?

Certain groups are more vulnerable to MASLD and its complications:

• People who are overweight or obese, particularly those with belly fat.
• Individuals with type 2 diabetes.
• Those with high cholesterol.
• People dealing with high blood pressure.
• Individuals with metabolic syndrome, which includes obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and unhealthy cholesterol levels.
• Those with a family history of liver disease.

Dr. Hwang notes that having these conditions not only increases the risk of MASLD but also raises the chance of it progressing to MASH and possibly liver cancer.

Spotting the Symptoms

Fatty liver disease is often referred to as a “silent” condition because most people don’t notice symptoms until it’s advanced. However, some potential warning signs include:

• Persistent fatigue.
• Discomfort in the upper right abdomen.
• Elevated liver enzymes detected in blood tests.
• An enlarged liver visible on imaging tests.
• Unexplained weight loss in more advanced stages.

Because symptoms can be subtle, early detection through regular blood tests and imaging is crucial for those at risk.

Reducing Your Risk

Experts believe MASLD is preventable and can often be reversed if caught early. Here are some practical steps to lower your risk:

• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Losing just 5-10% of your body weight can significantly improve liver health.
• Eat Well: A diet full of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help reduce fat in the liver.
• Stay Active: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise each week.
• Improve Sleep Quality: Good sleep can help control weight and insulin resistance, which is beneficial for liver function.
• Limit Alcohol and Avoid Tobacco: These substances can harm the liver and increase cancer risk.
• Manage Health Conditions: Keep cholesterol and blood sugar in check through diet, exercise, and medication if needed.

Staying hydrated and attending regular check-ups is also important. If you’re in a high-risk group or notice symptoms, talking to your doctor about liver testing and potential treatments, such as weight-loss medications, is essential.

The Growing Concern

Fatty liver disease might start small, but its ability to progress to serious conditions like MASH and liver cancer means we must pay attention. Rising cases globally highlight the need for better dietary habits and regular exercise. Thankfully, many solutions lie in simple lifestyle choices. Understanding these risk factors and taking action early can make a significant difference.

For more detailed insights on liver health, you can check resources from the MD Anderson Cancer Center.

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