Are Sinkholes on the Rise? The Surprising Connection to Climate Change – DW – 07/27/2025

On the northeastern edge of the Brazilian Amazon, large sinkholes are threatening homes and lives. These sudden ground collapses have put over a thousand people at risk, leading local authorities to declare a state of emergency. Similar sinkholes are appearing worldwide, from the United States to Turkey and Iran, often without warning.

So, what exactly are sinkholes? They are depressions formed when water erodes soil and underground rock. This can occur naturally when rain seeps through the earth, but it may also result from things like leaking pipes or mining activities.

Regions with “karst terrain,” which have soluble bedrock like limestone, are more prone to sinkholes. Hong Yang, an environmental science professor at the University of Reading in the UK, notes that about 20% of the land in the United States is vulnerable, particularly in Florida, Texas, and Missouri. Global hotspots also include parts of Italy, Mexico, and China.

Climate Change and Sinkholes

Climate change plays a crucial role in the rise of sinkholes. Extreme weather events, such as droughts followed by heavy rains, can weaken the ground. For instance, in Turkey’s Konya Plain, researchers have noted a sharp increase in sinkholes. In 2024 alone, they recorded 42 occurrences, a significant rise from just one few years ago.

Groundwater levels in this area have dropped alarmingly, with some regions losing over 60 meters of groundwater since 1970. The relentless pumping for water—necessary for agriculture—further exacerbates the likelihood of sinkholes.

Geologist Antonios E. Marsellos compares the situation to a juice box collapsing when too much juice is sucked out too quickly. He warns that similar weakening can occur underground, making buildings and infrastructure more vulnerable.

In research from Long Island, Marsellos found that climate change has weakened soil stability, directly affecting sinkhole formation.

Prevention Strategies

Detecting sinkholes before they occur is essential. Experts utilize technologies like satellite remote sensing and ground-penetrating radar to identify underground weaknesses. Solutions may include filling cavities with cement, monitoring groundwater levels, and better irrigation practices.

In Turkey’s Konya region, efforts include managing water use and improving irrigation techniques. The Blue Tunnel project, for example, helps transport water to replenish depleted groundwater.

Yang emphasizes that preventing sinkholes also requires fixing leaks and enforcing strict building codes. Engineering methods such as injecting grout to stabilize the ground can greatly reduce risks.

Finally, raising awareness about sinkhole dangers is vital. As more people discuss these issues on social media, the conversation around how to protect communities is growing.

In summary, while sinkholes pose a significant risk to many regions globally, ongoing research and smart management strategies can help mitigate their impact.

For further insights, you can read more on the Nature website.

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