Researchers recently uncovered a surprising fact: human stem cells experience stress in space due to microgravity. This stress activates hidden sections of DNA, referred to as the “dark genome.”
In a study led by Catriona Jamieson from the Sanford Stem Cell Institute, scientists used a small device on the International Space Station to observe how stem cells behaved in microgravity for the first time. They found that stem cells from bone marrow donors aged faster in space than those on Earth. This could affect astronauts’ ability to heal and regenerate during long missions.
This discovery is worrying, especially as a growing body of research shows that spending time in space can lead to various health risks. Previous studies have highlighted issues like bone loss, cognitive decline, and vision problems. Jamieson explained that in space, stem cells struggle to regenerate, which poses serious implications for astronauts’ immune health.
“It’s crucial to understand stem cell health,” she stated. “Space travel is stressful, from launch to landing, and even while in orbit.” The “dark genome,” which comprises retrovirus remnants in our DNA, plays a key role in accelerating stem cell decline. According to Jamieson, it causes a type of crisis in these cells, leading to premature aging.
On a hopeful note, the researchers aim to develop medications that could slow down this aging process. Additionally, an upcoming study suggests that when astronauts return to Earth, their stem cells may recover, potentially reversing some harmful effects of microgravity.
Interestingly, advancements in astronaut health could also boost cancer research. Jamieson noted that the treatments designed for astronauts might provide valuable insights for patients on Earth.
With the ambition to explore deeper into space, understanding these health risks is more critical than ever. The journey is exciting, but it comes with challenges that must be tackled to ensure the well-being of astronauts.
For further information on this topic, check out Cell Stem Cell and CNN.
