Unlocking Animal Language: How AI Is Revolutionizing Communication Between Humans and Animals

Deep in the lush forests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, researcher Mélissa Berthet observed bonobos engaging in behavior once thought to be uniquely human: complex communication. During her six-month study, these intelligent primates combined their calls in new ways, creating phrases that conveyed specific meanings. For instance, a yelp, translated as ‘let’s do this,’ was often paired with a grunt that said ‘look at me.’ According to Berthet, this combination signals teamwork and awareness.

In another instance, a peep that meant ‘I’d like to do this’ was followed by a whistle that suggested ‘let’s stay together.’ Berthet believes these combinations are crucial in sensitive social situations, perhaps even fostering harmony among the group.

This research, published in April, is part of a growing body of work showing that animal communication is far more sophisticated than we once believed. Recent studies have also highlighted complex vocalizations among whales and birds, suggesting that features of human language may not be as unique as previously thought.

AI technology is now playing a role in this field. Experts like David Robinson from the Earth Species Project are developing AI tools to better interpret animal sounds. “These tools allow us to explore communication in ways we couldn’t before,” he says. As research advances, there’s excitement about potentially using AI to engage in “conversation” with animals.

### Understanding Animal Communication

Researchers investigate animal sounds much like linguists examine human language. They study how sounds are produced and combined to convey meaning. For years, scientists believed only humans used a method called compositionality—combining distinct sounds into meaningful expressions. However, a 2016 study of Japanese tits showed these birds reacted differently to predator alerts based on the order of calls. This indicated they understood the calls as having unique meanings when combined.

In 2023, a similar study involving chimpanzees reinforced this idea. The chimps used a combination of vocalizations to signal danger and rally their companions. This finding suggests that other species may share a more complex communicative structure than we realize.

Berthet’s study recorded 700 calls from bonobos, revealing different ways they combine vocalizations. Some combinations simply merged meanings, while others modified the existing messages, akin to how humans use idioms.

Beyond primates, sperm whales also display intriguing communication patterns. Researchers at Project CETI are studying the clicks produced by these whales, which may form their own “phonetic alphabet.” Their observations reveal that codas—groupings of clicks—can vary in tempo and rhythm, much like human speech.

### What Constitutes Language?

The debate about whether animal communication qualifies as language is ongoing. Some researchers believe complex thought is necessary for language, while others argue that language is a broader form of communication not reliant on complex cognition. Notably, animals like the bonobo Kanzi have demonstrated the ability to communicate with humans using basic symbols, suggesting potential for language-like capabilities.

However, some elements of language, like discussing abstract concepts or creating entirely new phrases, remain elusive in animal communication. For instance, linguist Charles Hockett identified features like productivity and displacement, which have yet to be convincingly observed in animals.

### The Future of Animal Communication Research

The quest to understand animal communication continues to evolve. As scientists use advanced technologies like AI, they are uncovering more about how different species interact. Projects like those involving whales and bonobos are just the tip of the iceberg. The research promises not only insights into non-human communication but also challenges our perceptions of language itself.

Understanding these interactions not only broadens our appreciation of the animal kingdom but may also offer profound insights into our own communication. The ongoing discoveries in this field remind us that language in all its forms is a rich tapestry—one that perhaps blurs the lines between humans and animals.



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Animal behaviour,Communication,Evolution,Language,Machine learning,Science,Humanities and Social Sciences,multidisciplinary