For years, Taftan volcano in eastern Iran seemed dormant. It stands nearly 13,000 feet above the desert, but a surprising change occurred in 2023—the summit began to rise. Over ten months, satellite images showed an increase of about 3.5 inches. This suggests Taftan isn’t as inactive as once thought.
Scientists, led by volcanologist Pablo González from Spain’s Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology (IPNA-CSIC), uncovered this change using data from the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1 satellite. Their research revealed that the movement isn’t caused by rain or quakes. Instead, pressure from gases and hot fluids deep within the volcano, about 1,600 to 2,000 feet down, is likely pushing the summit upward.
González stressed that although there’s no immediate eruption warning, Taftan requires attention. Historically, many consider a volcano extinct if it hasn’t erupted in the last 11,700 years. Taftan was once classified this way, its last eruption occurring over 700,000 years ago. However, recent events—like sulfur smells and fog near the crater—indicate otherwise. Residents of Khash, about 31 miles away, reported strong sulfur odors, prompting a closer look at satellite data.
The presence of fumaroles, or gas vents, at Taftan is telling. These vents emit gases like water vapor and sulfur dioxide. During the uplift phase, researchers recorded a marked increase in sulfur dioxide emissions, which reached about 20 tons daily. This uptick hints at rising pressure beneath the surface, especially following significant gas bursts seen in May 2024.
Monitoring tiny movements in such remote locations is tricky. Scientists used innovative radar techniques to capture subtle changes. Over months, Taftan’s summit wasn’t just rising; it showed unusual sustained deformation. This is unlike previous instances where bulging would dissipate quickly. The fact that Taftan’s activity is ongoing raises concerns about its stability.
Taftan rests above the Makran subduction zone, where tectonic plates collide. This grinding motion leads to volcanic and seismic activity. Even if magma doesn’t reach the surface, gases can reshape the land. The research implies that Taftan is more active than previously assumed. It might prompt a reevaluation of other nearby volcanoes.
Interestingly, Taftan lacks ground monitoring equipment, making satellite data essential. González remarked, “Satellite radar helps us observe where it’s dangerous to go.” This technology allows scientists to track movements before they’re visible to the naked eye.
While there’s no need for panic, local communities in Iran and Pakistan should consider the potential effects of an eruption. Ashfall and other hazards could impact crops and buildings. Scientists view this discovery as a reminder of Earth’s dynamic nature—volcanoes can appear dormant for ages but may still be building energy beneath the surface.
This research underscores the importance of effective volcano monitoring, especially in remote areas. Improved satellite techniques can provide early warnings about volcanic activity, which is crucial for safety.
For those interested in deeper insights, studies show a 30% increase in volcanic awareness over the last decade, as communities recognize the need for better monitoring systems. As we learn more about volcanoes, we must remember that even seemingly inactive ones can spring to life unexpectedly.
If you want to read more on this topic, check out the Geophysical Research Letters here.
Source link
dormant,Geology,Green Good News,Research,Science,Volcanic Activity,Volcano
