Mercury pollution is a serious issue, especially in areas where artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) occurs. Recent research from Queens University and the University of Lagos reveals some surprising truths about how mercury gets into our food. Traditionally, it was believed that mercury mainly contaminated crops through soil or water. However, new findings suggest that airborne mercury plays a significant role, changing how we think about this problem.
The study focused on a farming community in Nigeria near an ASGM site. Researchers found that crops closer to the mining area had mercury levels 10 to 50 times higher than those grown eight kilometers away. This is alarming, especially since many people in these communities rely on local agriculture for their diets.
Historically, scientists thought plants absorbed mercury primarily from the soil. But using advanced techniques, this study shows that a large part of the mercury in plants comes from the air. Airborne mercury can settle on crops during photosynthesis, meaning the problem is more widespread than we thought.
David McLagan, a researcher involved in the study, noted that while airborne mercury can help reduce some atmospheric levels, it puts local crops at risk. Even though mercury concentrations in crops were below international safety thresholds, the potential health risks are significant. Farmers might not realize they’re consuming or selling contaminated food, increasing their exposure to toxins.
Different parts of plants absorb mercury in varying amounts. Leafy greens, often consumed by people and animals, showed the highest mercury levels. This means that even foods that appear safe might still pose risks, particularly to communities near ASGM sites.
Mercury is known to harm the nervous system, especially in children. Those relying on gold mining for income are often stuck in a cycle where they can’t easily shift to safer practices, further endangering their health and that of their families.
ASGM acts as a major source of mercury pollution globally. However, many regions, especially in the Global South, lack proper regulation and monitoring for mercury emissions. This poses a dual risk: environmental damage and the economic stability of communities that work in mining.
In light of these findings, researchers are urging governments and international organizations to act. Current guidelines mostly focus on water pollution, overlooking crops that might also be dangerously contaminated. Shifting the regulatory focus is crucial to protect food safety, particularly in areas where mining and agriculture intersect.
Interestingly, while fish consumption has drawn much attention due to mercury exposure, this study suggests a need to broaden our focus to include other food sources. Understanding all dietary risks can help shape better public health approaches.
With millions of people across Africa, South America, and Asia potentially affected by airborne mercury, urgent action is needed to prevent a public health crisis tied to food production. Researchers highlight the need for local governments, NGOs, and businesses to seek safer alternatives to mercury in gold mining. Without affordable substitutes, mining communities may hesitate to abandon mercury use.
As research continues, we are learning more about how pollution impacts both health and the environment. The complexity of living near contaminated areas involves not just ecological concerns but also the social challenges faced by those communities. Addressing these issues requires collaboration and innovative solutions to ensure a healthier future for everyone.
The findings from this study serve as a call for more research and policies that address the intertwining problems of contamination and health. As scientists and policymakers dive deeper into these revelations, it will be crucial to find integrated solutions that combat the extensive threat of mercury contamination.
For further reading, check the study published in Biogeosciences [here](https://www.egu.eu/publications/geosciences.html).
