This year’s U.N. climate conference kicks off on Monday in Belem, Brazil, a city nestled in the Amazon rainforest. Every year, these summits grab headlines as nations come together to address climate change. But what really goes on at these meetings?
The conference is called the COP, short for Conference of the Parties, which includes countries that signed the U.N. climate treaty back in 1992. This agreement, known as the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), commits nations to work together against climate challenges. It introduced the idea that wealthier nations, responsible for most emissions, should take the lead in finding solutions.
This year, hosting the event is Brazil, a country that hosted the very first Earth Summit in Rio 33 years ago, where the UNFCCC was born. This full-circle moment emphasizes the importance of addressing the needs of vulnerable populations, including indigenous communities, some of whom will participate in the talks.
Brazil aims to focus on fulfilling past commitments, like the COP28 promise to phase out fossil fuels, rather than making new ones. This summit also marks the first acknowledgment of failing to meet the goal of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Belem was chosen as the venue to highlight the ongoing threats to the Amazon, which is increasingly targeted by logging and mining operations.
So, who’s involved in these discussions? Most countries send delegations to represent their interests. Key voices include the Alliance of Small Island States, which faces severe risks from rising sea levels, and the G77+China, a coalition of developing nations. Notably, the U.S. has stepped back from its earlier leadership role, allowing countries like Brazil and China to take the spotlight.
Over two weeks, the conference buzzes with activity. Campaigners raise awareness on various causes while companies push for favorable policies. This year, some events are being held separately in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro to create momentum ahead of the main talks.
In the first week, negotiators from different countries will present their priorities and listen to others’ positions. By the second week, national ministers join the discussions and fine-tune final agreements. However, progress is rarely smooth. Different countries often clash over interests, leading to tense negotiations and last-minute haggling.
As the summit wraps up, expect frantic sessions as countries seek compromises. The final decisions are made by consensus—meaning everyone agrees, but not always enthusiastically. Historically, these final meetings can stretch on for days. So, it’s a good idea to stock up on snacks!
As the world turns its eyes to Belem, the stakes are high. Climate change is an urgent issue, and collective efforts are crucial. Recent studies show that over 70% of global emissions come from just 100 companies, emphasizing the importance of corporate responsibility in these discussions. With Brazil’s rich history in climate advocacy, this summit is a unique opportunity to shift the conversation towards meaningful action and accountability.
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