The 30th UN Climate Change Conference, CoP-30, is set to start in Belem, Brazil, from November 10 to 21, 2025. This gathering is crucial. It aims to assess the progress of global commitments made under the Paris Agreement. There’s ample focus on how countries are managing climate change, especially after the global temperature crossed the 1.5°C threshold this year. A recent report from the UNFCCC highlights slow progress and the urgent need for collective action among countries to combat climate change.
India has made strides in its environmental goals, achieving 50% of its power needs through non-fossil fuels by June 2025. This is impressive, especially for a developing nation with over 1.4 billion people. However, the geopolitical landscape remains complicated since the U.S. withdrew from the Paris Agreement under former President Trump. Finding common ground between developed and developing nations is now more important than ever.
In the last decade, we’ve seen an increase in extreme weather events, hurting economies and displacing millions. This emphasizes that the CoP meetings aren’t just routine—they’re critical for our survival. As an observer from India, I often wonder why developed nations hesitate to acknowledge their role in causing these climate issues, especially given their history of industrialization. Instead of pointing fingers at developing nations like India and China for their emissions, there should be a focus on supporting them with technology and funding.
Data from the Global Stocktake at CoP-28 reveals a shocking statistic: current national commitments would only lead to a 10% reduction in emissions by 2030. This is far from the 45% reduction needed to limit global warming to 1.5°C. The CoP-30 in Brazil is therefore seen as an “implementation CoP,” focusing on turning commitments into action. Countries need to integrate their climate goals into national policy to end disputes over funding.
From India’s perspective, the focus must be on “Climate Justice and Equity.” The Indian delegation should push for significant funding—over $1 trillion—for climate initiatives, emphasizing accountability and transparency. Previous promises regarding climate finance have often fallen short, with just the 2022 year being an exception. The need for free access to green technology should also be prioritized. This will enable countries to make real advances in renewable energy and methane reduction.
Moreover, civil society has a vital role in these discussions. Many grassroots organizations feel left out of decision-making processes leading up to these conferences. The local voices, especially from marginalized communities, need to be included for real progress in both mitigation and adaptation efforts. The agriculture sector, while excluded from many emissions reduction targets, must not be overlooked. It contributes significantly to emissions but also has great potential for carbon sequestration.
Experts emphasize that initiatives like agro-forestry can help farmers increase their income while addressing climate change. This balanced approach ensures that development rights remain intact. Prime Minister Modi has been clear that the interests of farmers will not be compromised, and this message should resonate strongly at CoP-30.
The time for action is now. The stakes are high, but with collective effort and commitment, we can make a difference. The world is watching, and it’s crucial that we rise to the occasion and work towards sustainable solutions together.
