Scientists often use complicated language, and I admit, I’m guilty of it too. We use specific terms to be clear and precise. For example, “vapor pressure deficit” has a clear meaning that differs from similar terms like “relative humidity.” However, some common words take on different meanings in science. One good example is “risk.”
Engineers may talk about the risk of a bridge failing, while economists consider the risk of money loss. Environmental scientists look at risks to species or habitats. In everyday talk, risk might simply mean any kind of danger. Without context, saying, “The risks of addressing climate change are too large” could mean anything from reinforcing a bridge to ignoring emissions. That’s why context matters.
Sometimes, those who don’t understand science can twist these meanings to support harmful actions. This disinformation can justify inaction and create chaos, impacting our communities and the environment. We’ve seen this tactic before, especially during the last administration. It’s vital that we understand the language used in discussing science as new leaders come into power.
Let’s break down a few key concepts that are essential for anyone who cares about science.
What is “Best Available Science?”
“Best available science” means using the most reliable and up-to-date knowledge when making decisions. This concept appears in laws, rules, and even court cases. It plays a crucial role in everything, from underlining endangered species laws to helping the FDA with drug approvals. Science isn’t static; it evolves as new research arises. That’s why we rely on expert panels to analyze this information and guide decisions.
For instance, during the last Trump administration, many scientific advisory committees were disbanded or shrunk. This left a gap in important scientific guidance. Recent court rulings also shifted power away from experts, making it harder to rely on the best available science. Good science uses specific language to ensure clarity, especially when discussing complex topics like wildfire emissions. Unfortunately, there were cases where scientists were blocked from using necessary terminology, such as “climate change,” in official communications.
Globally, organizations like the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea emphasize the need for best available science to protect marine environments. It’s clear that this approach is essential everywhere.
Understanding Scientific Consensus
Scientific consensus happens when most scientists agree on a concept based on solid evidence and research. Examples include the acceptance of evolution, the Big Bang theory, and the understanding that human activity drives climate change. Consensus doesn’t mean complete agreement; rather, it helps form a strong base for further exploration and protecting our environment.
In climate science, this consensus leads to ongoing research into how we can adapt and mitigate impacts. It provides a clear path for phasing out fossil fuels in a way that is fair and efficient.
The Importance of Uncertainty in Science
Talking about uncertainty is a big part of scientific work. It’s crucial for understanding how confident we are in our findings. For example, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has developed systems to convey uncertainty clearly in their reports. When scientists communicate uncertainty, they help lay the groundwork for further investigation.
If a study lacks clear explanations of how uncertainty is handled, it serves as a warning sign. In previous administrations, some reports exaggerated uncertainty around climate change, contrary to scientific consensus.
Protecting Science and Integrity
As we look ahead, it’s essential to defend scientific integrity. When transparency and accountability are ignored, it poses serious risks to public health and the environment. Manipulating scientific findings for political gain can lead to poor decisions that affect everyone. We’ve seen how suppressing inconvenient truths and dismantling advisory panels can damage the scientific process.
Defending science isn’t just up to scientists. It requires the collective efforts of policymakers, educators, advocates, and the public. By working together, we can make sure that science remains a guiding force for a healthier and safer future.
L. Delta Merner, Lead Scientist for the Science Hub for Climate Litigation, contributed to this post.
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