Belgium’s mental health system is facing significant challenges. A rising number of workers, especially those in the justice sector, are seeking help after traumatic events. The Federal Public Service of Justice reports that many of these are prison officers. Overcrowded and understaffed prisons are showing signs of distress, with increased violence and rising suicide rates.
According to the Central Prison Monitoring Council and the Federal Institute for Human Rights, Belgium’s prison suicide rate is 50% higher than the European average. The country struggles with a shortage of psychiatric care for inmates, having only 0.2 psychiatrists per 1,000 prisoners, compared to the European average of 1.3. Training for prison staff on suicide prevention and mental health management is also limited.
Justice Minister Annelies Verlinden has acknowledged these issues. She mentioned that they are working on improving care for prisoners and bolstering support teams in prisons. These efforts come after a 2020 ruling by the European Court of Human Rights, which condemned Belgium for mistreatment of a mentally ill prisoner who was shackled and isolated without proper care.
This crisis in prisons reflects a broader mental health problem within Belgian society. A recent survey by Sciensano (2023–2024) found that nearly 20% of Belgians face psychological disorders like anxiety or depression. Young people are particularly affected, with about 25% of those aged 15 to 24 showing signs of mental distress. The situation has worsened due to recent challenges like the pandemic and economic instability.
Interestingly, mental health issues now account for 37% of long-term disability cases in Belgium. The number of people unable to work due to depression or burnout has surged by nearly 50% since 2016. Experts indicate that without further investment in mental health resources and prevention strategies, the toll on both society and the prison system may continue to rise.
The current crisis highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to mental health in Belgium, ensuring that both the general population and incarcerated individuals receive the care and support they deserve.
For further insights on mental health in Belgium, check resources from Sciensano and studies on social determinants affecting mental well-being.
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