Smog in Lahore is a growing concern as pollution levels soar. Despite the Punjab government’s efforts to enhance air quality monitoring, key data gaps are hindering effective policymaking. The absence of a solid climate observatory and an updated emissions inventory is a major issue.
Recent data shows alarming pollution levels. The daily Air Quality Index reveals that PM2.5 and PM10 levels in several Punjab cities are vastly exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. For instance, average PM2.5 concentrations range from 161 to 196 µg/m³, while the WHO’s recommended limit is just 15 µg/m³. PM10 levels are similarly concerning, reaching 211 to 258 µg/m³, far above the global standard of 45 µg/m³.
Experts argue that tackling air pollution requires a deep understanding of its sources. Abid Hussainy, from The Urban Unit, highlighted the absence of comprehensive research on PM2.5 sources in Punjab. “Without accurate data, effective policymaking is nearly impossible,” he said. To address this, the Punjab Environment Protection Department has enlisted SUPARCO for a study to pinpoint pollution sources.
The province is also in the process of setting up a climate observatory, which aims to centralize environmental data from various sources. Hussaini explains that this initiative will aid evidence-based policymaking and help identify climate risks early. This step could be crucial in steering effective environmental governance.
Air pollution is driven by many factors, including traffic, industry, and agricultural activities. Major contributors like vehicle emissions and the burning of crop residues intensify smog, especially in winter.
Maryam Shah from the Pakistan Air Quality Initiative emphasized the need for accurate and transparent data for real impact. “Current actions are based on outdated reports from 2019 and 2021, but we urgently need updated scientific information,” she urged.
On a positive note, the government has allocated Rs3 billion for the new climate observatory, which will help compile decades of emissions data. Naseem Rehman, former Director of the Punjab EPA, noted that while 41 air quality monitors currently operate in the province, plans are in place to increase this number to 100. Access to real-time data is crucial, but research remains essential to identify the real pollution sources.
In conclusion, while steps are being taken to address air quality issues in Punjab, a solid, data-driven approach is needed. Establishing a climate observatory could pave the way for better understanding and ultimately help combat the persistent air pollution crisis.
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Air quality monitoring lacks scientific backing
