In May 2024, a remarkable solar storm lit up the skies, bringing stunning auroras to places that rarely see them. While many marveled at the light displays, astronomers were hard at work studying an unusual active region on the Sun’s surface.
This area, called NOAA 13664, emerged on the Sun’s far side on April 16, 2024. By May, it was facing Earth and triggered some of the most powerful geomagnetic storms we’ve seen in decades. Astronomers tracked NOAA 13664 for over 90 days, capturing its life cycle with almost continuous observation. It eventually rotated out of view on July 18, 2024, having calmed down by the time it reappeared.
Ioannis Kontogiannis, a solar physicist at ETH Zurich, emphasized the significance of this achievement. He stated, “This is the longest continuous series of images ever created for a single active region.” This milestone could reshape how we understand solar phenomena.
Normally, active regions like this are visible for only about two weeks due to the Sun’s rotation. However, with the help of two spacecraft—the Solar Orbiter and NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory—researchers could monitor NOAA 13664 from different angles. The Solar Orbiter was positioned perfectly to observe its birth, while the other spacecraft maintained a watch from Earth’s orbit.
Understanding solar storms is crucial. These events don’t just create beautiful auroras; they can also wreak havoc on satellites, electrical grids, and communication systems. The implications extend beyond science; they can impact daily life.
Recent surveys suggest that people are becoming more aware of space weather’s effects. According to a study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), about 30% of respondents reported experiencing disruptions caused by solar activity in the past year.
Research on this topic was published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. As scientists continue to explore the Sun, breakthroughs like this promise to enhance our ability to predict solar storms, helping us prepare for their potential impact.
For a deeper dive into solar physics and its importance, check out NOAA’s resources.
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