Illegal small-scale mining, often referred to as galamsey, is wreaking havoc on Ghana’s environment. The Eco Impact Network warns that these mining operations are damaging ecosystems and changing weather patterns. The organization, represented by CEO Mrs. Gifty Ofori Yeboah, highlights that the destruction of forests and wetlands is making the climate less predictable.
Mrs. Ofori Yeboah notes that traditional seasonal weather is no longer consistent. For example, during this year’s harmattan season, the cooler temperatures, hazy skies, and limited visibility that usually define this time are noticeably absent. This is just one sign of broader climate irregularities affecting Ghana.
According to the Ghana Meteorological Agency, unusual weather has been observed well into the dry season. They report delays in typical patterns, particularly in southern regions, where rain is uncommon this time of year. Their analysis points to fluctuations in the Inter-Tropical Boundary and warm sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of Guinea as contributing factors.
The impacts of galamsey extend beyond weather changes. Deforestation for mining has led to habitat loss and increased soil erosion, posing serious risks to local wildlife and communities. Rivers in mining areas are polluted with sediments and toxic chemicals, making them unsafe for drinking and farming. This contamination often stems from the mercury and cyanide used in gold extraction.
Since 1960, Ghana’s temperature has increased by 1°C, with northern areas experiencing the most significant changes. Climate projections suggest that this trend will continue, with temperatures rising further over the next century. A study by the Ghana Climate Atlas indicates that rainfall patterns might also shift, affecting agriculture—a sector that employs about 45% of the workforce.
These environmental challenges threaten food security and the livelihoods of farmers who rely on stable weather patterns. Mrs. Ofori Yeboah emphasizes the need for stricter regulations on mining and the restoration of degraded lands. She warns that without immediate and coordinated actions, the consequences could be dire for both the environment and local communities.
The government has responded with increased enforcement against illegal mining. President John Mahama has ordered various ministers to take action against those involved in galamsey activities. This is a continuation of previous efforts, which have included task forces and committees aimed at curbing the damage caused by illegal mining. However, the problem persists, and challenges remain.
In response to these issues, Eco Impact Network was established in early 2024, focusing on educating young people in Ghana about the environment. Their programs promote tree planting, recycling, and climate change awareness, aiming to foster a future generation that values ecological preservation.
As Ghana faces these intertwined challenges of climate change and environmental degradation from mining, it becomes clear that a united front is necessary. Addressing the immediate damage from galamsey, while also planning for long-term climate resilience, must be at the forefront of national policy. Only then can sustainable development be achieved for future generations.
