China’s trade surplus reached a record nearly $1.2 trillion in 2025. This surge, reported recently, highlights the resilience of China’s export market amid challenges like rising tariffs from the U.S. under President Trump.
In 2025, China’s exports grew by 5.5%, totaling $3.77 trillion. Despite flatlining imports at $2.58 trillion, the trade surplus ballooned from over $992 billion in 2024. December alone saw a sharp 6.6% rise in exports compared to the previous year, outpacing expectations and showing stronger growth than the 5.9% increase in November.
Interestingly, in November 2025, China’s trade surplus had already crossed the $1 trillion mark, proving its robust trading position. Experts foresee exports continuing as a growth driver, with Jacqueline Rong, chief economist for BNP Paribas, stating, “We expect exports to play a key role in 2026.”
While exports to the U.S. fell by 20% in 2025, they were offset by increases in other regions. Exports to Africa rose by 26%, Southeast Asia by 13%, the European Union by 8%, and Latin America by 7%. High global demand for electronics, particularly computer chips, supported this growth. The automotive sector also saw significant exports, contributing to the booming trade figures.
However, there are concerns about cheap Chinese imports affecting local industries in other countries. Wang Jun, a vice minister at China’s customs administration, acknowledged that 2026 would present “severe and complex” external trade challenges. He reassured that China’s “foreign trade fundamentals remain solid.”
The IMF has urged China to address economic imbalances and move away from a heavy reliance on exports by boosting domestic demand. A downturn in the property sector and stricter borrowing rules have led to lower consumer confidence, which impacts domestic consumption.
To combat this, China has introduced measures like subsidies to encourage consumers to buy new, energy-efficient appliances and vehicles. Yet, experts like Rong believe that the government’s efforts to invigorate domestic demand have had limited success. The expectations for export growth in 2026 have been lowered to about 3%, down from last year’s 5.5%.
In summary, while China’s exports are on the rise and boosting the economy, complexities in global trade dynamics and internal economic challenges remain critical areas to watch. As the world continues to navigate these challenges, China’s trade strategies will be instrumental in shaping outcomes for the global market.
For more in-depth analysis and economic trends, you can consult sources like the International Monetary Fund or World Bank.
