Climate change and air pollution are closely linked issues that need to be addressed together, according to recent research from the OECD. This study shows that combining climate and air quality policies can lead to greater benefits than handling them separately.
Korea’s Unique Situation
Korea is a great example to study. It’s an industrialized country that has seen rapid growth but now struggles with climate risks and ongoing air pollution. The Korean government aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. They’ve enforced tough air quality measures, like trading emissions and strict vehicle standards. Yet, dust pollution is still a major concern.
The Current Policy Landscape
Despite these efforts, projections show Korea’s ongoing challenges. With current policies in place, the economy will continue to grow against a backdrop of a declining and aging population. Although emissions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants are expected to decrease, health risks from pollution are projected to increase. By 2050, premature deaths linked to air pollution could rise significantly compared to 2019. Globally, greenhouse gases remain much higher than safe levels, threatening to push average temperatures up by 3.3°C by 2100.
Exploring Policy Options
Researchers explored three scenarios for Korea: one focused solely on climate action to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050; another on air quality improvement; and the third combined both approaches. Each had its benefits: the climate-focused plan greatly improves emissions while also enhancing air quality. Conversely, air quality measures cut greenhouse gases but cannot fully address health risks without broader cooperation from neighboring countries.
The Power of Integration
The research indicates that integrative strategies yield the best outcomes. Collaborating on air quality and climate policies not only boosts public health and improves crop yields but also significantly reduces costs. By combining efforts, countries can achieve their goals at over 50% lower costs compared to independent actions. This approach minimizes the need for duplicate investments in clean energy and technology.
It’s essential to note, however, that reducing certain pollutants like sulphur dioxide could temporarily increase warming. Thus, air quality measures should never replace strong climate actions, but rather complement them.
Lessons for Policymakers
While focused on Korea, the study’s implications are global. Climate change and air pollution are problems that transcend borders. A coordinated international effort is crucial to fully realize the benefits of cleaner air and lower emissions. As nations grapple with limited resources and heightened environmental challenges, the takeaway is clear: addressing climate change and air pollution together is not just beneficial for people and the planet, it’s also the most economically efficient approach.
Understanding these connections can help create more effective policies that support both a healthier population and a sustainable planet. For more in-depth insights, you can check out the OECD’s full report here.
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OECD, MAGICC climate model, Korea, Cleaner technology, climate change, air pollution, clean electricity, carbon pricing, greenhouse gas emissions
