Girls and women are often thought to be more in tune with others’ emotions, a skill tied to empathy. However, recent research challenges this idea, suggesting that this ability is not hardwired from birth. A study published in 2025 looked at the behavior of one-month-old infants—both girls and boys—as they reacted to others’ faces, cried when someone else cried, and paid attention to those around them. The findings showed no significant differences between the sexes when it comes to understanding emotions.
Interestingly, a 2018 study involving over 46,000 individuals indicated that genetic factors do play a role in empathy, but they do not depend on a person’s sex. Varun Warrier, a neurodevelopmental researcher at Cambridge University, noted that only about ten percent of variation in empathy among people is linked to genetics. This suggests that our environment is a vital factor in shaping how empathetic we become.
## The Socialization of Empathy
The differences we see in empathy are likely social rather than biological. Women often show more empathetic traits not because of innate qualities, but because of social conditioning. From a young age, girls are encouraged to express their emotions and prioritize others’ needs. They typically engage with toys that foster nurturing skills, while boys often play with toys that promote competition and building.
Dr. Gina Rippon, a neuroscientist, highlights how cultural expectations shape behavior. She says, “Little girls are told to be nice and not to be unkind or rough, which gradually becomes part of their identity.”
The conversation around empathy continues to evolve, especially with recent movements emphasizing emotional intelligence in leadership and workplace settings. A survey by the World Economic Forum found that 92% of leaders believe empathy is crucial for effective leadership, underscoring its importance in both personal and professional spheres.
As we understand empathy better, it becomes clear that we can cultivate it. Educational programs aimed at young children increasingly incorporate social-emotional learning. These initiatives aim to teach all kids, regardless of gender, about emotions and how to relate to others.
In summary, while gender may influence how empathy appears, it is our social experiences that shape our emotional understanding. Recognizing this can help create a more empathetic society for everyone.
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