This week, avalanches have tragically claimed the lives of at least eight people in California’s Sierra Nevada, three in the French Alps, and two on the Italian side of Mont Blanc. The calamity in Lake Tahoe stands as one of the deadliest avalanches in U.S. history, with one person still missing. Meanwhile, in Europe, over 90 lives have been lost to avalanches since October, making this one of the most lethal seasons in recent years.
What Triggers Avalanches?
Avalanches can occur in two primary forms: loose snow avalanches and slab avalanches. The first type happens when surface snow comes down from a specific point. The second type, slab avalanches, are more dangerous and unpredictable.
According to Craig Sheppard from the Mountain Safety Collective, the layers of snow in a snowpack interact with one another, creating a situation ripe for avalanches. “When weather breaks, snow crystals can change. Some conditions make them stronger, while others weaken them,” he explains. If a weak layer forms beneath a strong one, it can lead to an avalanche.
Current Trends in Avalanche Danger
Tyson Millar, an avalanche safety expert, points out that this season has seen minimal snowfall in January, followed by heavy snow in February, increasing the likelihood of avalanches in both North America and Europe. In contrast, Japan has experienced consistent heavy snowfall, which helps reinforce snow stability.
Notably, terrain plays a significant role in avalanche occurrence. Slopes between 25 and 40 degrees are particularly prone to avalanches, as they balance the necessary angle for snow to accumulate without being too steep.
Climate Change and Avalanches
Climate change is reshaping avalanche patterns. Higher temperatures are shortening ski seasons globally. According to Professor Steven Sherwood of the University of NSW Climate Change Research Centre, even though snowfall can still be significant, it may be less frequent and less stable over time. This means rain may fall on snow more often, creating conditions where soft snow is more susceptible to slides.
A study published in 2024 in Nature Reviews Earth & Environment suggests that as the climate warms, the frequency and risk of avalanches could increase in certain areas, particularly due to more moisture in the atmosphere.
User Reactions and Social Media Impact
Social media has seen a surge in discussions around these events, with users sharing safety tips, experiences, and concerns. Many are advocating for increased awareness and preparedness when venturing into avalanche-prone areas.
Conclusion
Avalanches pose a severe risk in mountainous regions, especially this season, which has witnessed deadly consequences. Understanding the science behind avalanches, including their relation to climate change, is vital for safety. As experts continue to analyze these events, it’s crucial to stay informed and prepared.
For more in-depth insights, check resources like the European Avalanche Warning Services and the National Park Service, which provide detailed information on avalanche risks and safety protocols.
