Dhaka is facing serious challenges. In the Global Liveability Index 2025, it ranked 171st out of 173 cities, only above war-torn Damascus and Tripoli. It’s also one of the world’s most polluted cities, hitting alarming air quality levels.
On the day the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) took power on February 17, Dhaka ranked second among 121 cities for air pollution, with air quality labeled as “very unhealthy.” Unfortunately, not much has changed since then. Over the last 18 months, the city has struggled with pollution and poor waste management. Urban issues like waterlogging and vanishing green spaces have only gotten worse.
Experts point out that Dhaka’s air quality is poor throughout the year. The main culprits include open waste burning, construction dust, vehicle emissions, and unplanned urban growth. Urban planners have criticized the lack of a clear strategy and coordination among agencies.
Air pollution is not just an environmental concern; it also affects health. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that pollution contributes to numerous health issues, leading to premature deaths and rising healthcare costs. Professor Dr. ASM Saifullah from Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University emphasized that the BNP government must address both nationwide environmental degradation and the specific needs of Dhaka. He argues that restoring Dhaka’s livability is crucial.
According to the Environmental Index of 2024, Bangladesh ranked 172nd, scoring only 15 out of 100 in areas like air quality and access to safe drinking water. A study by the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air found that nearly half of the deaths related to air pollution in Bangladesh occur in Dhaka and Chattogram. This research suggests that if fine particulate matter (PM2.5) could be reduced, over 100,000 deaths annually could be prevented.
Muhammad Monir Hossain from the Bangladesh River Foundation pointed out that treating environmental issues as secondary is counterproductive. Rivers should be viewed as vital resources, not just obstacles. The degradation of rivers and ecosystems affects tourism, fishing, and public health. While the new government inherits these serious challenges, advocates push for a shift in understanding the importance of rivers.
Air pollution has worsened in recent years, affecting not just Dhaka, but other major cities like Gazipur and Narayanganj. Experts warn that pollution will only escalate if not addressed urgently. Industrial activities, unregulated construction, and inadequate public transport systems contribute significantly to the crisis.
Professor Dr. Md Moniruzzaman from Jagannath University highlighted that climate change worsens environmental risks. Soil, water, and air pollution endanger agriculture and public health. He stressed the need for the government to prioritize these issues in both national and international discussions.
RAJUK Chief Town Planner Md Ashraful Islam advocated for a focus on public transport and green spaces to improve local livability. He emphasized the need for better mass transit and parks, crucial for enhancing the quality of life in Dhaka.
While the BNP’s election promises included environmental plans, detailed strategies are yet to emerge. Environment Adviser Abdul Awal Mintoo acknowledged the gravitas of the situation, indicating that a new action plan is in the works.
In summary, Dhaka’s challenges are complex and deeply intertwined. Effective leadership and coordinated efforts are essential to tackle air pollution and improve livability for its residents. The city’s future depends on acknowledging these environmental debts and acting decisively.
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