Swat, once known for its long winters and heavy snowfall, is seeing a significant change in its climate. Winters are getting shorter, and snowfall is on the decline. This shift is impacting agriculture, local water sources, and the economy.
Farmers in the region are worried. They say these climate changes threaten their crops and orchards. Dr. Sanaullah, an environmental expert at the University of Swat, points out that several studies confirm this trend. He mentions rising temperatures, changes in wind patterns, and increased pollution as key factors linked to global climate change.
According to Dr. Sanaullah, shorter winters lead to faster glacier melt, which might initially increase water flow but can cause long-term water shortages. Crops like wheat and fruits such as apples and peaches depend on a cold period for growth. The shortening of this cold season disrupts agricultural production.
Local residents are feeling the effects. Hadiya, 46, reminisces about winters from her childhood that lasted longer and brought regular snowfall. She recalls times when rain would fall for days. Today, she notices fewer rainy days and warmer temperatures as early as February. Many springs that used to supply cold water have either dried up or weakened, affecting everyday life.
The shift in winter isn’t just about temperature. It’s also changing rain patterns essential for farming. In the past, consistent winter rains ensured moisture in the soil, supporting crop growth. Now, rainfall has become unpredictable, making farming more challenging.
Shamsher Ali, a farmer from Alam Ganj, reflects on how winter rains were more plentiful in the past. He explains that without sufficient rainfall, the soil dries quickly, harming crops. He also highlights the risk of unseasonal rains, which can devastate a harvest just before it’s ready. The impact is evident in his peach and apricot orchards, where reduced cold weather has led to a drop in fruit production.
Experts like Dr. Sanaullah warn that the effects extend beyond agriculture. Changing climates are reshaping local ecosystems. Many plants that thrive in colder conditions are struggling to survive. Wildlife is also affected, with some species moving to higher ground, disrupting the ecological balance.
To address these challenges, Dr. Sanaullah stresses the need for immediate policy changes. He advocates for better climate policies, including forest protection and improved water management. Promoting climate-resilient agriculture is essential for sustainable development in mountainous areas.
The changes in Swat’s weather are more than just seasonal differences. They pose serious risks to the environment and the economy. Experts caution that without urgent action, the situation could worsen in the coming years, threatening both livelihoods and natural resources.
