In Ziarat Valley, a community elder named Abdul Khaliq Sarangzai sits on a bench, sharing his fears about the changing environment. He says, “The juniper trees that once thrived are now struggling to survive. Groundwater is depleting, and birds are disappearing. The snowfall is less each year, and the air is warming.” This valley, known for its ancient juniper forests, is facing serious challenges from climate change.
Environmental experts highlight that Balochistan is experiencing rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and prolonged droughts. These conditions threaten fragile ecosystems from the snowy northern valleys to the arid plains and coastal regions. The unique juniper forests in Ziarat, along with other native forests, are among the most vulnerable, suffering from slower regeneration and pest outbreaks.
Ziarat is located about 130 kilometers from Quetta and features one of the oldest juniper forests in the world. Known locally as Obashta, juniper symbolizes resilience. Environmentalist Muhammad Hashim has been advocating for climate education here for years. He worries that local activities and natural disasters are further harming these ancient trees. Although Ziarat was designated a national park in 2017, its management plan is still in the works.
This juniper forest spans over 112,000 hectares and was recognized by UNESCO as a ‘Man and Biosphere Reserve’ in 2013. It’s notable for its rich biodiversity, home to various plants like olives, figs, and medicinal herbs. Hashim explains that these forests play a crucial role in carbon storage and oxygen production.
Historically, Ziarat received significant snowfall—about eight to ten feet in winters. Now, it barely gets eight inches, dramatically affecting the soil moisture that the juniper trees rely on. As a result, juniper regeneration is challenged by diseases like Dwarf Mistletoe and other infections. Haseeb Kakar, the Deputy Conservator Forest in Ziarat, mentions that reduced snowfall disrupts the natural sprouting cycle of juniper seeds, further complicating their survival.
Temperature changes also lead to unpredictable weather patterns, causing intense droughts or floods. These shifts impact not only the trees but also local wildlife. There’s a wild bird, known as Obasht Khwara, that helps with juniper regeneration by eating the berries. Its populations are now shifting due to environmental stress.
The importance of this ecosystem can’t be overstated. Juniper trees take thousands of years to grow, and the time to act is now—before they are lost. As local resident Arman states, “These forests are our natural heritage, vital for reducing pollution and combating climate change.” The community is calling for swift action to protect their precious juniper forests before it’s too late.
For further insights into climate change impacts and conservation efforts, explore the [United Nations Environment Programme](https://www.unep.org/) and related studies.
