Climate change is impacting Macau’s water supply, but many people are still unaware of the seriousness of this issue.
In recent years, the Pearl River Basin has faced its worst drought in decades. The dry season of 2022-23 saw the Xijiang River record its second-lowest flow since 1950. This has led to severe water shortages in Macau and surrounding areas.
During the ongoing dry season of 2023-24, water supply dropped nearly 30%. The saltwater from the Pearl River has also surged, affecting local freshwater sources. The risks are dire, especially considering Macau relies on Zhuhai for over 95% of its drinking water. Experts warn this dependency makes the city particularly vulnerable.
Nian She from Tsinghua University highlights that climate change and urban growth are reducing freshwater availability. He mentions that seawater is intruding into river systems, complicating the regions’ water security further. Similarly, Cristina Calheiros from the University of Saint Joseph points out that climate change can lead to major disruptions, affecting not only water supply but also water quality. Rising temperatures and altered rainfall patterns can lead to algal blooms and pollutants entering local water supplies.
Recent data underscores these experts’ concerns. A survey found that over 70% of residents express anxiety about future water shortages, reflecting growing awareness about these climate challenges.
In response to these pressures, Macau Water is implementing smart water management technologies. They are optimizing the operational efficiency of water supply and reducing losses due to leaks. Currently, the city maintains a water loss rate of about 7-8%, thanks to ongoing repairs and upgrades.
Another initiative is underway on Coloane’s western coast, where the government plans a three-year flood control project. This plan includes constructing barriers and floodgates, aiming to protect against rising water levels.
Despite these efforts, experts believe ongoing climate change will continue to challenge water security in Macau. As Nian She summarizes, the region faces both flooding risks and water supply shortages, underscoring the urgency for adaptive measures.
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