Africa is grappling with significant environmental challenges, facing its hottest year on record in 2024. A report released in September 2025, titled State of Africa’s Environment 2025, sheds light on this urgent situation. Prepared by the Centre for Science and Environment and based on investigative work by African journalists, the report highlights a range of pressing issues.
One alarming finding is that climate-induced migration could affect up to 5% of Africa’s projected population of two billion by 2050. This region, which has contributed less to global greenhouse gas emissions than other areas, is ironically projected to experience the most displacement due to climate changes.
Food security is another major concern. Agriculture is expected to decline by 18% due to climate impacts and land degradation. For example, cocoa production, concentrated in West and Central Africa, faces severe risks that could jeopardize a significant share of the world’s supply. If global temperatures rise by 2°C, millions of people could be at risk of undernourishment.
Health is also taking a heavy toll. Cholera cases surged by 125% in 2023 compared to the previous year, while malaria transmissions grew by 14%. This highlights a shift in the global burden of disease, with Africa bearing a heavy load.
Experts emphasize that while these statistics are troubling, they also point to solutions. Kassahun Tesfaye, Director General at Ethiopia’s Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, suggests that Africa could embrace a “bioeconomy.” This concept involves using renewable biological resources sustainably for food and energy. It’s about turning waste into new resources, creating a circular economy tailored to Africa’s strengths.
CSE Director General Sunita Narain noted that many African nations are now taking steps to adapt to climate change. Countries are developing policies aimed at becoming net-zero in carbon emissions. There’s a growing emphasis on incorporating traditional knowledge to combat extreme weather and drought.
Despite these efforts, the economic impact is staggering—with losses estimated at $1.25 billion annually in sub-Saharan Africa. The report is a wake-up call, emphasizing that the current trajectory is unsustainable.
Participants at the 2025 briefing, including journalists from across Africa, will explore themes of conflict, migration, agriculture, and adaptation strategies. This collaborative approach is crucial for addressing the multifaceted crisis facing Africa.
For more information on climate impacts, refer to the UNESCO website.
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Ethiopia,Addis Ababa,CSE,SOE Africa 2025
