A volcano in southeastern Iran, known as Taftan, has risen about 3.5 inches (9 centimeters) in the past ten months. While this may seem minor, it points to significant underlying changes.
Recent satellite data shows that pressure is building near the volcano’s top. Despite not having erupted in human history, scientists believe Taftan is worth monitoring closely.
The study used a radar technique called InSAR to detect ground movements. This method allows scientists to observe changes even through clouds and at night, thanks to satellites like Sentinel-1. The uplift observed from July 2023 to May 2024 suggests that gases are accumulating below, indicating possible volcanic activity.
Pablo J. González, a senior researcher at Spain’s National Research Council, noted that the volcano lacks ground instruments, making satellite technology essential for tracking this remote area. The rising ground was traced to a source located 1,600 to 2,070 feet (490 to 630 meters) below the surface, hinting at gas movement within the volcano’s hydrothermal system.
While heavy rain and nearby earthquakes were ruled out as causes for this uplift, the internal processes indicate that gases are building pressure. This could lead to potential hazards, particularly steam-driven explosions, known as phreatic blasts. Cities like Khash, approximately 31 miles (50 kilometers) away, could experience sulfur gas exposure.
Interestingly, the term “extinct volcano” can be misleading. Though Taftan hasn’t erupted in over 10,000 years, the geological evidence shows that it remains active. Volcanic systems can stay quiet for long periods but may erupt with little warning. Therefore, scientists emphasize the importance of monitoring gases, heat, and ground movements, rather than relying solely on historical eruption data.
Recently, researchers have called for better monitoring near Taftan. They propose using continuous measurements for gases like sulfur dioxide and installing additional seismometers and GPS units. This would help create a clearer picture of the volcano’s behavior, aiding in preparedness and risk management.
Globally, many volcanoes undergo similar slow changes. While some nations may not see eruptions post-quiet phases, others could experience rapid activity that requires immediate action. Thus, consistent observation is crucial.
On the tech side, radar satellites are invaluable. They operate around the clock and can analyze conditions and movements effectively. As satellite technology advances, monitoring efforts will become even more efficient.
The future of Taftan will depend on ongoing observations. If the ground starts to fall, pressure may be easing. But if it continues to rise or increase in speed, the risks grow. Therefore, local communities can help by being aware of wind patterns, keeping masks handy for gas odors, and staying informed.
For comprehensive studies and updates about volcanic activity, visit the Geophysical Research Letters.
