A volcano in southeastern Iran, called Taftan, has recently risen by about 3.5 inches (9 centimeters) over ten months. While that might seem minor, it actually indicates something significant happening beneath the surface.
Scientists used advanced satellite technology to detect these changes. They found pressure building near the summit of Taftan, a volcano that hasn’t erupted in recorded history. This rising signal suggests it’s time to pay attention.
Monitoring Taftan
Researchers employed InSAR, a radar technique that measures ground movement from space, using Sentinel-1 satellites that work day and night, even through clouds. The uplift occurred primarily at the summit and has not receded, hinting that the pressure is still building.
Pablo J. González, a senior author at Spain’s Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, is leading this study. The uniqueness of Taftan lies in its remoteness; there are few instruments on-site, making satellite monitoring essential.
Understanding the Pressure
The source of the pressure appears to be located about 1,600 to 2,070 feet (490 to 630 meters) below the surface. This shallow level likely holds gases circulating in a hydrothermal system beneath the volcano. Researchers have ruled out external factors like rainfall or earthquakes as triggers for this deformation.
Deep underground, a magma reservoir lies over 2 miles (3.2 kilometers) down. The recent rise is thought to be more about gas build-up rather than fresh magma pushing up from below.
Misleading Labels
Taftan is classified as a stratovolcano and has been labeled “extinct.” However, just because it hasn’t erupted in thousands of years doesn’t mean it’s inactive. Volcanic systems can rest for long periods and then change unexpectedly. Monitoring gas emissions and ground motion is just as critical as watching for ash plumes.
Risks Ahead
The most immediate dangers from Taftan are not typical lava flows but steam-driven explosions. These can occur when hot fluids suddenly turn to steam near the surface. The nearby city of Khash, around 31 miles (50 kilometers) away, is at risk as wind can carry harmful gases.
González emphasizes the importance of taking action now, while the volcano is showing signs of activity, rather than waiting for a potential eruption.
Next Steps for Scientists
Researchers plan to measure gas emissions near the volcano. Continuous tracking of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide levels will provide more insight into the pressure situation. A basic network of seismometers and GPS units can also capture important changes.
Using satellites like Sentinel-1 allows for ongoing monitoring, detecting even small shifts in the ground. This technology can flag possible developments, enabling scientists to act quickly, should the need arise.
Geological Context
Taftan sits in a subduction zone where one tectonic plate slides beneath another, creating conditions for magma production. This geological activity means that volcanoes like Taftan can show signs of change without ever erupting.
Historically, many volcanoes exhibit similar slow changes, underscoring the importance of constant monitoring. Reacting quickly to new information can save lives.
Why Satellites Matter
Satellites like Sentinel-1 are vital for monitoring volcanoes. They can see through weather conditions, providing clear images of ground changes. Regular satellite observations help scientists piece together a timeline of volcanic activity, identifying potential risks sooner.
The Future of Taftan
If the ground begins to sink, it may mean that pressure is easing. Conversely, if uplift continues or speeds up, it indicates pressure remains high, increasing the risk for steam events.
Local residents should stay informed about potential hazards. Understanding wind patterns, keeping masks handy for sulfur odors, and following official guidance can help ensure safety.
For a detailed look at these findings, refer to the study published in Geophysical Research Letters.
In summary, Taftan is a volcano to watch. Continuous monitoring and scientific research are essential for understanding its activity and protecting nearby communities.
