Measles cases are rising in the U.S., with Texas and New Mexico seeing the most significant outbreaks. Reports show at least 284 cases and two fatalities linked to unvaccinated individuals in these states. Nationwide, a total of 308 measles cases have been reported so far this year, already exceeding the 285 cases noted in all of 2024, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
In Maine, however, no cases have appeared yet this year. A high vaccination rate helps keep the disease at bay. The last recorded measles case in the state was in 2023, involving one child.
Dr. Puthiery Va, director of the Maine CDC, answers some critical questions about the measles vaccine, the risks of the disease, and the effectiveness of alternative treatments.
Where are measles cases in the U.S.?
Aside from Texas and New Mexico, measles has also been spotted in states like California, Florida, Georgia, and New York.
What is measles, and why is it a concern?
Measles is a viral illness characterized by a distinct rash, fever, cough, and other symptoms. It can lead to severe complications, including brain swelling and pneumonia. Historically, before the vaccine was introduced in the 1960s, measles caused hundreds of deaths annually.
How does measles spread?
Measles is highly contagious, spreading through the air. A person infected can transmit the virus four days before showing symptoms and up to 21 days after exposure. If a single infected person enters a room, about 9 out of 10 unvaccinated individuals in that space can catch the disease.
Dr. Va emphasizes that vaccination is the best defense against measles.
Vaccination Timing for Children
The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is typically given to children between 12 to 15 months old, followed by a booster around ages 4 to 6. For families traveling to outbreak areas, early vaccination is recommended.
Maine passed a law in 2019, effective in 2021, mandating vaccinations for school-age children, eliminating previous exemptions based on personal beliefs. This has led to a remarkable increase in the state’s vaccination rates, with only 0.9% of kindergarteners opting out in the 2023-24 school year.
Is Maine safer from measles?
Thanks to the new law, Maine’s vaccination rates are at an all-time high. This helps establish herd immunity, reducing the chance of an outbreak.
Do adults need a booster for measles?
People born between 1957 and 1967 might need a booster shot due to less effective vaccines from that period. Experts recommend getting a blood test to check immunity levels, especially during outbreaks.
Can vitamin A prevent or treat measles?
There is ongoing misinformation about the role of vitamin A in measles. While essential for health, vitamin A cannot prevent or cure measles in well-nourished populations, according to Johns Hopkins University. However, it can reduce mortality rates in areas with widespread vitamin A deficiency, mainly in developing countries.
In conclusion, measles remains a serious threat, especially as outbreaks grow in certain states. The key to protection lies in vaccination. Staying informed and ensuring your vaccinations are up to date is crucial for individual and public health.
For more information, visit the CDC’s website on measles prevention.
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