Climate Change Crisis: Why Vietnam Tops the List of Asia’s Most Vulnerable Nations

Climate Challenges in the Asia-Pacific: A Closer Look at Việt Nam

On April 10, 2025, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) shared a significant report about climate change’s impact on the region’s economies. Among the countries studied, Việt Nam was identified as one of the 11 most vulnerable nations facing major climate risks.

Despite contributing to 60% of the world’s economic growth in 2024, many Asia-Pacific countries are still unprepared for the challenges posed by climate change, according to ESCAP’s latest Economic and Social Survey. This report highlights a troubling reality: while the economies are growing, they are also facing hurdles like slower productivity, high public debt, and increasing trade tensions.

Armida Salsiah Alisjahbana, a senior UN official, pointed out that the combination of global economic worries and climate risks complicates fiscal and monetary policies. She emphasized the importance of strong national strategies and regional cooperation to secure long-term economic stability and effectively address climate change.

The report classified countries based on their macroeconomic exposure to climate risks. The list includes Afghanistan, Cambodia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Laos, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Việt Nam. This exposure varies greatly; some countries have successfully mobilized climate finance and implemented green policies, while others struggle with financial limitations and weak public financial systems.

In 2024, growth in developing economies within this region slowed to 4.8%, down from 5.2% in 2023 and 5.5% before the COVID-19 pandemic. Least developed countries saw an average growth of just 3.7%, falling short of the 7% GDP growth target outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 8.

Experts believe addressing these issues is crucial. Proactive government support is needed to shift towards more productive and higher-value economic sectors. Moreover, there’s a push for capitalizing on strengths in green industries, which hold the potential to drive new economic growth.

Additionally, regional economic cooperation can help developing nations meet their development goals. As more countries focus on sustainability, the collaboration will be vital for sharing resources and strategies to combat climate challenges effectively.

As we look ahead, the need for coordinated action becomes clearer. The Asia-Pacific region stands at a pivotal moment. Balancing economic growth while protecting the environment poses a considerable challenge. However, with strategic efforts, the region can thrive in a greener, more sustainable future.

For a deeper dive into the report and to track ongoing developments, visit ESCAP.

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