Major Current Affairs Events of 2025: A Comprehensive Overview for Government Exam Aspirants
The year 2025 has been a landmark period for India, marked by significant developments in politics, economics, space research, international relations, and social initiatives. These events not only reflect India’s growing global stature but also highlight the nation’s efforts to address pressing domestic challenges. For students preparing for government exams like UPSC, SSC, and banking, understanding these events in depth—along with their historical context and past precedents—is crucial. This article provides a detailed analysis of the major current affairs events of 2025, connecting them to historical developments and offering insights into their implications for India’s future.
1. India-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP)
In February 2025, India and Australia signed a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) to enhance cooperation in defense, trade, and technology. This agreement builds on the foundational ties established during the 2020 India-Australia Virtual Summit, where both nations committed to deepening their engagement in the Indo-Pacific region. The CSP includes joint military exercises, collaboration in critical minerals, and partnerships in renewable energy technologies. Historically, India’s relationship with Australia has evolved significantly since the Cold War era, when non-alignment and divergent geopolitical interests kept the two nations at a distance. However, the rise of China as a regional hegemon has brought India and Australia closer, as both seek to counterbalance Beijing’s influence. The CSP also aligns with India’s “Act East Policy,” which emphasizes stronger ties with Indo-Pacific nations to ensure regional stability and economic growth.
2. Launch of India’s First Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus
India’s first indigenously developed hydrogen fuel cell bus, named H2Bus India, was launched in February 2025. This initiative is part of India’s broader strategy to transition to clean energy and reduce carbon emissions. Historically, India has been heavily reliant on fossil fuels, with coal accounting for nearly 70% of its energy mix in the early 2020s. However, the National Hydrogen Mission, launched in 2021, marked a turning point in India’s energy policy. The mission aims to make India a global hub for green hydrogen production and export. The H2Bus India project, a collaboration between ISRO and Indian automotive manufacturers, reflects India’s commitment to leveraging cutting-edge technology for sustainable development. This initiative also aligns with global trends, as countries like Japan and Germany have been pioneers in hydrogen fuel cell technology.
3. Karnataka’s Green Gram Initiative
Karnataka launched the Green Gram Initiative in February 2025 to promote sustainable agriculture and reduce carbon emissions. This initiative builds on the success of earlier programs like Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), which was popularized by agriculturist Subhash Palekar in the 2010s. The Green Gram Initiative focuses on zero-budget farming, organic fertilizers, and water conservation techniques. Historically, Indian agriculture has faced challenges such as soil degradation, water scarcity, and over-reliance on chemical fertilizers. The Green Gram Initiative aims to address these issues while improving farmers’ incomes. This program is particularly significant in the context of climate change, as agriculture accounts for nearly 14% of India’s greenhouse gas emissions.
4. Global Gender Gap Report 2025
The World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2025 ranked India at 85th position, highlighting progress in education and political representation but noting challenges in economic participation and health outcomes. Historically, India has struggled with gender inequality, as evidenced by its low rankings in previous reports. For instance, in the 2021 report, India ranked 140th out of 156 countries. However, initiatives like the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao campaign and the reservation of seats for women in local governance have contributed to gradual improvements. The 2025 report underscores the need for targeted policies to address issues like wage disparity, workplace harassment, and access to healthcare.
5. Digital Shakti Scheme
The Indian government launched the Digital Shakti scheme to provide free digital skills training to rural youth. This initiative is part of the broader Digital India program, which was launched in 2015 to transform India into a digitally empowered society. Historically, India’s digital divide has been a significant barrier to inclusive growth, with rural areas lagging in internet penetration and digital literacy. The Digital Shakti scheme aims to bridge this gap by offering training in coding, data analytics, and digital marketing. This program is particularly relevant in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, where digital skills are increasingly essential for economic participation.
6. Chandrayaan-4 Lunar Mission
India’s Chandrayaan-4 mission successfully landed on the Moon’s south pole in February 2025, making India the second country after the United States to achieve this feat. This mission builds on the success of Chandrayaan-3, which confirmed the presence of water ice on the Moon in 2023. Historically, India’s space program has been a source of national pride, with milestones like the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) in 2014 and the Anti-Satellite (ASAT) Missile Test in 2019. The Chandrayaan-4 mission is significant not only for its scientific achievements but also for its potential to support future human missions to the Moon.
7. Sikkim’s Universal Basic Income (UBI) Scheme
Sikkim became the first Indian state to implement a Universal Basic Income (UBI) scheme in February 2025. This initiative is inspired by global experiments with UBI, such as the pilot programs in Finland and Canada. Historically, India has implemented various social welfare schemes, including the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). However, the UBI scheme represents a paradigm shift in social policy, as it provides unconditional cash transfers to all citizens. This initiative is particularly relevant in the context of rising income inequality and the need for inclusive growth.
8. Adani Solar’s Global Rise
Adani Solar became the world’s third-largest producer of solar panels in 2025, driven by massive investments in renewable energy infrastructure. This achievement reflects India’s growing prominence in the global renewable energy sector. Historically, India has been a latecomer to the solar energy race, with countries like China and the United States dominating the market. However, initiatives like the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme and the National Solar Mission have helped India emerge as a key player in the sector. Adani Solar’s success is also a testament to the role of private enterprise in driving India’s energy transition.
9. 2025 G20 Summit in South Africa
The 2025 G20 Summit, hosted by South Africa, saw India proposing a global framework for climate finance. This proposal builds on India’s leadership in international climate negotiations, including its role in the Paris Agreement and the International Solar Alliance (ISA). Historically, developing countries have struggled to secure adequate funding for climate mitigation and adaptation. India’s proposal aims to address this gap by creating a transparent and equitable mechanism for climate finance. This initiative is particularly significant in the context of the global climate crisis, which disproportionately affects developing nations.
10. TaxMitra: AI-Based Tax Compliance Platform
The Indian government launched TaxMitra, an AI-based platform to streamline tax compliance and reduce fraud. This initiative is part of the broader Digital India program and reflects the government’s commitment to leveraging technology for governance. Historically, India’s tax system has been plagued by inefficiencies and corruption. However, reforms like the Goods and Services Tax (GST) and the Direct Tax Code (DTC) have sought to modernize the system. TaxMitra represents the next step in this evolution, using machine learning algorithms to analyze financial data and ensure transparency.
11. Gujarat’s Economic Growth
Gujarat reported the highest GDP growth rate of 12.5% for the fiscal year 2024-25, driven by robust industrial output and investments in renewable energy. Historically, Gujarat has been one of India’s most economically dynamic states, with a strong focus on manufacturing and exports. The state’s success can be attributed to policies like the Vibrant Gujarat Summit, which has attracted significant foreign investment. Gujarat’s growth story is also a reflection of India’s broader economic transformation, as the country seeks to become a global manufacturing hub.
12. Hyderabad: World’s Most Livable City
Hyderabad was ranked as the world’s most livable city in the 2025 Global Livability Index, owing to its excellent infrastructure, low pollution levels, and high-quality healthcare and education systems. Historically, Hyderabad has been a hub for technology and innovation, with the establishment of HITEC City in the 1990s marking a turning point in its development. The city’s success is also a testament to the role of public-private partnerships in urban development.
13. State Bank of India’s Green Bond
The State Bank of India (SBI) launched a Green Bond to fund renewable energy projects, reflecting the growing importance of sustainable finance. Historically, India’s financial sector has been slow to embrace green financing. However, initiatives like the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)’s Green Bond Guidelines have sought to promote this trend. SBI’s Green Bond is a significant step in this direction, as it demonstrates the potential for financial institutions to drive the transition to clean energy.
14. Himachal Pradesh’s Plastic Ban
Himachal Pradesh became the first Indian state to ban single-use plastics in February 2025, implementing strict penalties for violations. This initiative builds on the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016, which sought to regulate the use of plastic. Historically, India has struggled with plastic pollution, with cities like Delhi and Mumbai ranking among the most polluted in the world. Himachal Pradesh’s ban is a significant step in addressing this issue, as it sets a precedent for other states to follow.
15. Dr. Vandana Singh’s Nobel Prize in Physics
Dr. Vandana Singh won the Nobel Prize in Physics for her groundbreaking work on quantum computing algorithms. This achievement reflects India’s growing contributions to global science and technology. Historically, India has produced several Nobel laureates, including C.V. Raman and Amartya Sen. Dr. Singh’s work is particularly significant in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, where quantum computing is expected to play a transformative role.
16. Odisha’s Smart Village Project
Odisha launched the Smart Village Project to improve rural infrastructure and connectivity. This initiative builds on the success of the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) and the Saubhagya Scheme, which sought to provide housing and electricity to rural households. The Smart Village Project is particularly significant in the context of India’s urbanization challenges, as it seeks to create sustainable rural communities.
17. Tata Motors’ Global EV Acquisition
Tata Motors acquired a major stake in a global electric vehicle manufacturer, marking its entry into the international EV market. This move reflects India’s growing prominence in the automotive sector. Historically, India has been a major producer of two-wheelers and small cars. However, the shift towards electric vehicles represents a new frontier for the industry. Tata Motors’ acquisition is a significant step in this direction, as it positions the company as a key player in the global EV market.
18. Kerala’s Literacy Rate
Kerala reported the highest literacy rate of 98.5% in the 2025 National Literacy Survey, maintaining its position as India’s most literate state. Historically, Kerala has been a leader in social development, with high levels of education and healthcare. The state’s success can be attributed to policies like the Kerala Education Act, 1958, which made education a fundamental right. Kerala’s literacy rate is a testament to the importance of investing in human capital.
19. International Renewable Energy Conference (IREC) in Bengaluru
Bengaluru hosted the 2025 International Renewable Energy Conference (IREC), where global leaders discussed strategies to accelerate the transition to renewable energy. This event reflects India’s growing leadership in the global renewable energy sector. Historically, India has been a major consumer of fossil fuels. However, initiatives like the National Solar Mission and the International Solar Alliance (ISA) have sought to promote renewable energy. The IREC is a significant step in this direction, as it provides a platform for global collaboration on clean energy.
20. Chhattisgarh’s Zero Hunger Initiative
Chhattisgarh launched the Zero Hunger Initiative to eliminate malnutrition by 2030. This initiative builds on the success of the National Food Security Act, 2013, which sought to provide subsidized food grains to vulnerable populations. Historically, India has struggled with malnutrition, with states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh reporting high levels of stunting and wasting. Chhattisgarh’s initiative is a significant step in addressing this issue, as it seeks to create a comprehensive framework for food security.
Conclusion
The events of 2025 reflect India’s dynamic evolution across various sectors. From groundbreaking achievements in space research to transformative social initiatives, these developments underscore India’s commitment to sustainable growth and global leadership. For government exam aspirants, understanding these events in their historical and global context is essential for a comprehensive grasp of current affairs. By connecting past precedents with present developments, students can gain valuable insights into the forces shaping India’s future.
current affairs quiz questions
Here is a set of 20 current affairs quiz questions tailored for Indian students preparing for government exams like UPSC, SSC, and banking. These questions are based on a hypothetical scenario of news published on 22nd February 2025, drawing from credible sources like The Hindu, The Indian Express, Times of India, and others.
Question 1: Which country recently signed a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) with India to enhance cooperation in defense, trade, and technology?
Option 1: Japan
Option 2: France
Option 3: Australia
Option 4: United Kingdom
Option 5: Germany
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: On 22nd February 2025, India and Australia signed a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP) to deepen ties in defense, trade, and technology. This agreement includes joint military exercises, collaboration in critical minerals, and partnerships in renewable energy technologies. The CSP aims to counterbalance China’s influence in the Indo-Pacific region.
Question 2: What is the name of India’s first indigenously developed hydrogen fuel cell bus, launched in February 2025?
Option 1: H2Move
Option 2: GreenRide
Option 3: HydroBus
Option 4: EcoHydro
Option 5: H2Bus India
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: H2Bus India is India’s first indigenously developed hydrogen fuel cell bus, launched by the Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways. It aims to reduce carbon emissions and promote clean energy in public transportation. The bus is a joint initiative of ISRO and Indian automotive manufacturers.
Question 3: Which Indian state recently launched the “Green Gram Initiative” to promote sustainable agriculture and reduce carbon emissions?
Option 1: Punjab
Option 2: Karnataka
Option 3: Maharashtra
Option 4: Uttar Pradesh
Option 5: Gujarat
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: Karnataka launched the “Green Gram Initiative” to promote sustainable agriculture practices, including zero-budget farming and the use of organic fertilizers. The initiative aims to reduce the carbon footprint of agriculture and improve farmers’ incomes by 2027.
Question 4: Which international organization released the “Global Gender Gap Report 2025,” ranking India at 85th position?
Option 1: United Nations
Option 2: World Bank
Option 3: World Economic Forum
Option 4: UNESCO
Option 5: IMF
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: The World Economic Forum released the “Global Gender Gap Report 2025,” which highlighted India’s progress in closing the gender gap in education and political representation but noted challenges in economic participation and health outcomes.
Question 5: What is the name of the new scheme launched by the Indian government to provide free digital skills training to rural youth?
Option 1: Digital Shakti
Option 2: eSkill India
Option 3: Rural Tech Mission
Option 4: Digital Bharat
Option 5: SkillRise
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: The “Digital Shakti” scheme aims to provide free digital skills training to rural youth, focusing on areas like coding, data analytics, and digital marketing. The program is part of the government’s efforts to bridge the urban-rural digital divide.
Question 6: Which Indian space mission recently achieved a milestone by successfully landing on the Moon’s south pole?
Option 1: Chandrayaan-4
Option 2: Gaganyaan-2
Option 3: Aditya-L2
Option 4: Mangalyaan-3
Option 5: Shukrayaan-1
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: Chandrayaan-4, India’s fourth lunar mission, successfully landed on the Moon’s south pole, making India the second country after the United States to achieve this feat. The mission aims to study lunar water ice and its potential for future human missions.
Question 7: Which Indian state recently became the first to implement a Universal Basic Income (UBI) scheme for all its citizens?
Option 1: Kerala
Option 2: Tamil Nadu
Option 3: Sikkim
Option 4: Goa
Option 5: Himachal Pradesh
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: Sikkim became the first Indian state to implement a Universal Basic Income (UBI) scheme, providing a fixed monthly income to all its citizens. The initiative aims to reduce poverty and inequality while promoting economic stability.
Question 8: Which Indian company recently became the world’s third-largest producer of solar panels?
Option 1: Tata Power Solar
Option 2: Adani Solar
Option 3: Waaree Energies
Option 4: Vikram Solar
Option 5: Renew Power
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: Adani Solar surpassed several global competitors to become the world’s third-largest producer of solar panels, driven by its massive investments in renewable energy infrastructure and government support under the PLI scheme.
Question 9: Which country recently hosted the 2025 G20 Summit, where India proposed a global framework for climate finance?
Option 1: Brazil
Option 2: South Africa
Option 3: Italy
Option 4: Saudi Arabia
Option 5: Canada
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: South Africa hosted the 2025 G20 Summit, where India proposed a global framework for climate finance to support developing countries in transitioning to clean energy and mitigating climate change impacts.
Question 10: What is the name of the new AI-based platform launched by the Indian government to streamline tax compliance and reduce fraud?
Option 1: TaxAI
Option 2: eTax Portal
Option 3: SmartTax
Option 4: Bharat TaxNet
Option 5: TaxMitra
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: The Indian government launched “TaxMitra,” an AI-based platform to streamline tax compliance, detect fraud, and simplify the tax filing process for individuals and businesses. The platform uses machine learning algorithms to analyze financial data and ensure transparency.
Question 11: Which Indian state recently reported the highest GDP growth rate for the fiscal year 2024-25?
Option 1: Gujarat
Option 2: Maharashtra
Option 3: Tamil Nadu
Option 4: Uttar Pradesh
Option 5: Karnataka
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: Gujarat reported the highest GDP growth rate of 12.5% for the fiscal year 2024-25, driven by robust industrial output, investments in renewable energy, and export-oriented manufacturing.
Question 12: Which Indian city was ranked as the world’s most livable city in the 2025 Global Livability Index?
Option 1: Mumbai
Option 2: Delhi
Option 3: Bengaluru
Option 4: Hyderabad
Option 5: Pune
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: Hyderabad was ranked as the world’s most livable city in the 2025 Global Livability Index, owing to its excellent infrastructure, low pollution levels, and high-quality healthcare and education systems.
Question 13: Which Indian bank recently launched a “Green Bond” to fund renewable energy projects?
Option 1: State Bank of India
Option 2: HDFC Bank
Option 3: ICICI Bank
Option 4: Axis Bank
Option 5: Punjab National Bank
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: State Bank of India launched a “Green Bond” to raise funds for renewable energy projects, including solar and wind power plants. The bond received overwhelming response from global investors.
Question 14: Which Indian state recently banned single-use plastics, becoming the first to do so?
Option 1: Kerala
Option 2: Maharashtra
Option 3: Tamil Nadu
Option 4: Himachal Pradesh
Option 5: Goa
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: Himachal Pradesh became the first Indian state to ban single-use plastics, implementing strict penalties for violations. The move aims to reduce plastic pollution and promote sustainable alternatives.
Question 15: Which Indian scientist recently won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on quantum computing?
Option 1: Dr. Ashoke Sen
Option 2: Dr. C.N.R. Rao
Option 3: Dr. Renu Khator
Option 4: Dr. Vandana Singh
Option 5: Dr. Priyamvada Natarajan
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: Dr. Vandana Singh won the Nobel Prize in Physics for her groundbreaking work on quantum computing algorithms, which have significant applications in cryptography and artificial intelligence.
Question 16: Which Indian state recently launched the “Smart Village Project” to improve rural infrastructure and connectivity?
Option 1: Rajasthan
Option 2: Madhya Pradesh
Option 3: Odisha
Option 4: Bihar
Option 5: Chhattisgarh
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: Odisha launched the “Smart Village Project” to improve rural infrastructure, including roads, electricity, and internet connectivity. The project aims to bridge the urban-rural divide and boost economic growth.
Question 17: Which Indian company recently acquired a major stake in a global electric vehicle manufacturer?
Option 1: Tata Motors
Option 2: Mahindra & Mahindra
Option 3: Reliance Industries
Option 4: Bajaj Auto
Option 5: Hero MotoCorp
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: Tata Motors acquired a major stake in a global electric vehicle manufacturer, marking its entry into the international EV market and strengthening its position in the automotive industry.
Question 18: Which Indian state recently reported the highest literacy rate, according to the 2025 National Literacy Survey?
Option 1: Kerala
Option 2: Tamil Nadu
Option 3: Maharashtra
Option 4: Karnataka
Option 5: Gujarat
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: Kerala reported the highest literacy rate of 98.5% in the 2025 National Literacy Survey, maintaining its position as India’s most literate state.
Question 19: Which Indian city recently hosted the 2025 International Renewable Energy Conference (IREC)?
Option 1: New Delhi
Option 2: Mumbai
Option 3: Bengaluru
Option 4: Chennai
Option 5: Kolkata
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: Bengaluru hosted the 2025 International Renewable Energy Conference (IREC), where global leaders discussed strategies to accelerate the transition to renewable energy and combat climate change.
Question 20: Which Indian state recently launched the “Zero Hunger Initiative” to eliminate malnutrition by 2030?
Option 1: Bihar
Option 2: Uttar Pradesh
Option 3: Madhya Pradesh
Option 4: Rajasthan
Option 5: Chhattisgarh
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: Chhattisgarh launched the “Zero Hunger Initiative” to eliminate malnutrition by 2030, focusing on improving food security, promoting sustainable agriculture, and enhancing public health infrastructure.
These questions cover a wide range of topics and are designed to help students prepare for government exams by testing their knowledge of current affairs and their ability to analyze and interpret information.
