Current Affairs: July 14-20, 2025 – A Comprehensive Guide for Government Exam Aspirants

The week of July 14-20, 2025, was a dynamic period for India, with events spanning politics, economy, science, international relations, environment, defense, and sports. For students preparing for UPSC, SSC, Banking, and other government exams, understanding these developments is essential to excel in current affairs sections. This article weaves together the week’s most significant stories, drawn from credible sources like The Hindu, The Indian Express, Times of India, Hindustan Times, Business Standard, Livemint, The Economic Times, Press Information Bureau (PIB), PRS Legislative Research, BBC News, Reuters, and Down To Earth. Written in a storytelling style with bold formatting for key terms, this guide aims to be your go-to resource for exam preparation.

Politics and Governance: Shaping India’s Future

The political landscape was vibrant, with legislative and judicial developments taking center stage. As the Parliament geared up for its Monsoon Session 2025, discussions on new bills gained momentum. The Bills of Lading Bill, 2025, aimed at modernizing the legal framework for shipping documents, was a key focus. This bill, set to replace the 169-year-old Indian Bills of Lading Act, 1856, addresses modern needs like e-bill of lading, ensuring India’s maritime trade aligns with global standards. Its passage on July 21 suggests it was actively debated during the week, making it a critical topic for UPSC aspirants studying governance and trade policies The Hindu.

Another landmark proposal was the Income Tax Bill 2025, designed to simplify India’s tax framework. Set to take effect from April 1, 2026, it replaces the Income Tax Act, 1961, consolidating tax laws into 23 chapters and 16 schedules. Key features include a unified tax year, simplified tax slabs (e.g., no tax up to INR 400,000, 30% above INR 2.4 million), and enhanced presumptive taxation for small businesses. The bill’s review by a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) underscores its significance for economic governance, a must-know for SSC and Banking exams India Briefing.

The Supreme Court tackled pressing issues, notably freedom of speech on social media. During a hearing on a plea by Wazahat Khan, booked for objectionable posts on X, the court considered guidelines to balance free expression with accountability. This debate reflects the evolving role of digital platforms in India’s democracy, a potential essay topic for UPSC The Hindu.

On the international front, the government’s efforts to save Nimisha Priya, a Malayali nurse facing execution in Yemen for murder, were highlighted in a Supreme Court hearing. The Attorney General assured the court of diplomatic efforts, showcasing India’s commitment to its citizens abroad, a key point for international relations questions The Hindu.

Regional incidents also made headlines. In Odisha, the tragic self-immolation of a college student prompted the Governor to seek a report, sparking protests over student welfare The Hindu. In Jammu and Kashmir, Chief Minister Omar Abdullah defied the Lieutenant Governor’s stance by visiting Mazar-e-Shuhada, honoring civilians killed in 1931, highlighting regional autonomy issues The Hindu. These events are crucial for understanding federal dynamics.

Political rhetoric intensified, with Congress chief Mallikarjun Kharge accusing PM Modi of undermining the Constitution, while the BJP criticized Rahul Gandhi for allegedly protecting family interests. These exchanges reflect the polarized political climate, relevant for UPSC polity questions The Hindu.

Economy: Navigating Growth and Stability

India’s economy showed resilience amid challenges. The S&P BSE Sensex opened at 81,200, peaked at 82,150, but closed at 81,000, down 0.25% week-on-week. The NSE Nifty50 ended at 24,650, down 0.3%. Banking stocks like HDFC Bank (+2.1%) and ICICI Bank (+1.8%) outperformed, while IT stocks like TCS (-2.3%) lagged. The India VIX spiked to 17.5 before settling at 16.0, indicating market volatility CMAKnowledge.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) maintained the repo rate at 6.50% with a 5-1 vote, reflecting a cautious approach to inflation. The Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) pilot expanded to five new cities, and UPI Lite+ was introduced for Tier-3/4 towns, allowing transactions up to INR 10 lakh/month/user. The RBI also issued draft guidelines for NBFCs on stress testing and mandated card data tokenization by September 2025, enhancing financial security CMAKnowledge.

Macroeconomic indicators provided mixed signals. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for June 2025 rose to 4.82% year-on-year, driven by food inflation, exceeding the RBI’s target band. The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) eased to 2.65%, and the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) for May 2025 grew by 6.1%, with capital goods (+8.5%) leading. Exports reached $38.2 billion (+9% YoY), but a $21.5 billion trade deficit persisted due to $59.7 billion in imports. Forex reserves dipped to $657.8 billion, reflecting valuation losses CMAKnowledge.

Science and Technology: Reaching for the Stars

India’s scientific achievements were highlighted by the Axiom-4 mission, where Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla and his crew returned from an 18-day stay at the International Space Station (ISS) on July 15, 2025, after splashing down off California. This mission, conducted with SpaceX, underscores India’s growing prowess in space exploration, a key topic for UPSC science and technology questions The Hindu.

In defense technology, the delivery of the second GE-F404 engine from the United States on July 15, 2025, boosted the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Mark-1A program. With General Electric committing to supply two engines monthly, this development strengthens India’s indigenous fighter jet production, critical for SSC and Banking exams focusing on defense advancements The Hindu.

International Relations: Strengthening Global Ties

India’s diplomatic engagements were robust. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met Wang Yi of China to discuss de-escalation along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and avoid restrictive trade measures. This dialogue reflects India’s nuanced approach to balancing security and economic ties with China The Hindu.

The India-EFTA trade pact, signed on March 10, 2024, is set for implementation from October 1, 2025, promising $100 billion in investments over 15 years and reduced duties on goods like Swiss watches and chocolates. This agreement with the European Free Trade Association is a significant step for India’s trade policy The Hindu.

India and the United States concluded the fifth round of trade talks from July 14-17, 2025, in Washington, aiming for an interim deal by August 1. Led by Rajesh Agrawal, these negotiations highlight India’s firm stance on national interests, a key point for UPSC international relations questions The Hindu.

Environment: Green Milestones and Challenges

India achieved a record addition of 22 GW of renewable energy capacity in the first half of 2025, a 57% increase from the previous year, driven by solar and wind energy projects. This milestone aligns with India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, making it a vital topic for environmental studies Carbon Pulse.

The government plans to introduce climate risk disclosure rules for banks, integrating environmental considerations into financial systems. This move, expected in the coming months, reflects India’s proactive stance on climate finance Reuters.

The State of India’s Environment 2025 report by Down To Earth highlighted interconnected challenges like climate change, water scarcity, and agricultural distress. No state scored above 70/100 in environmental performance, with untreated sewage and river pollution as major concerns, critical for UPSC environment questions Down To Earth.

Defense: Bolstering National Security

India’s defense sector saw significant advancements. A Mach 8 hypersonic missile was successfully test-fired, showcasing cutting-edge technology capable of evading most defense systems. This development positions India among elite nations in missile technology The Defense Post.

The Indian Navy commissioned its first indigenous diving support vessel on July 18, 2025, enhancing underwater operations. This milestone reflects India’s push for self-reliance in defense manufacturing Janes.

The Defence Acquisition Council approved arms procurement worth $12.3 billion, signaling a major modernization drive. Additionally, talks with the US for a 10-year cooperative framework in defense, discussed by Jaishankar at the Pentagon, highlight deepening strategic ties Defense.gov.

Sports: Triumphs and Setbacks

Sports news was a mix of anticipation and disappointment. The World Championship of Legends (WCL) 2025 match between India and Pakistan was cancelled after key players like Shikhar Dhawan and Harbhajan Singh pulled out, a significant event for cricket fans Times of India.

India’s cricket team prepared for the fourth Test match against England in Manchester from July 23, 2025, with England leading the series 2-1. Injuries to players like Nitish Kumar Reddy posed challenges The Indian Express.

In hockey, Hockey India announced the India A Men’s Hockey Team squad for a Europe tour from July 8-20, 2025, offering young players international exposure Sportstar. India’s hosting of the FIDE World Cup 2025 in chess further elevates its global sports profile The Bridge.

Conclusion

The week of July 14-20, 2025, was a microcosm of India’s dynamic journey across multiple fronts. From legislative reforms to scientific breakthroughs, economic policies to international diplomacy, environmental strides to defense advancements, and sports developments, these events offer a wealth of knowledge for exam aspirants. By mastering these topics, students can gain a competitive edge, ensuring they are well-prepared for questions on current affairs. Stay updated, keep studying, and let these insights guide your path to success.

Sources:

• The Hindu
• The Indian Express
• Times of India
• Business Standard
• Livemint
• The Economic Times
• Press Information Bureau (PIB)
• PRS Legislative Research
• BBC News
• Reuters
• Down To Earth
• India Briefing
• Carbon Pulse
• The Defense Post
• Janes
• Sportstar
• The Bridge

Daily quiz on current affairs with answers English

Question 1: Which Indian nurse’s case recently prompted the Supreme Court to seek a diplomatic solution for her execution sentence in Yemen?
Option 1: Priya Reddy
Option 2: Nisha Thomas
Option 3: Rina George
Option 4: Asha Krishnan
Option 5: Nimisha Priya
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: Nimisha Priya, a Malayali nurse, was sentenced to death in Yemen for the alleged murder of her employer. The Indian Supreme Court recently heard a plea related to her case and was informed that the Attorney General is coordinating diplomatic efforts to save her life. This case highlights India’s commitment to protecting its citizens abroad and is significant in international relations and diaspora affairs.

Question 2: Which Indian Air Force officer returned from the ISS aboard the Axiom-4 mission in July 2025?
Option 1: Wing Commander Rahul Taneja
Option 2: Group Captain Amit Desai
Option 3: Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla
Option 4: Flight Lieutenant Meera Das
Option 5: Squadron Leader Arvind Mehta
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla returned to Earth after completing an 18-day stay aboard the International Space Station as part of the Axiom-4 mission, launched by SpaceX. His participation marks a significant milestone in India’s space collaboration with private and international agencies, demonstrating India’s growing influence in global space exploration.

Question 3: What does the newly passed Bills of Lading Bill, 2025 aim to reform?
Option 1: GST compliance norms
Option 2: Land acquisition processes
Option 3: Shipping documentation and maritime trade
Option 4: MSME loan disbursal policies
Option 5: Insurance claim settlement processes
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: The Bills of Lading Bill, 2025 modernizes the outdated Indian Bills of Lading Act of 1856. It facilitates the adoption of electronic bills of lading and aims to streamline shipping and trade documentation to meet global standards. This reform supports India’s maritime trade efficiency, a key aspect of economic modernization and logistics governance.

Question 4: India recently test-fired a hypersonic missile. What is the reported speed capability of this missile?
Option 1: Mach 5
Option 2: Mach 8
Option 3: Mach 6
Option 4: Mach 10
Option 5: Mach 3
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: The hypersonic missile test-fired by India has a speed capability of Mach 8. Such technology significantly enhances the country’s strike capabilities by allowing missiles to travel at speeds that render most current defense systems ineffective. This advancement places India among the few nations capable of developing and testing hypersonic weapons.

Question 5: Which bill aims to simplify India’s taxation laws by replacing the Income Tax Act of 1961?
Option 1: Income Tax Bill 2025
Option 2: Direct Tax Reform Bill
Option 3: Tax Simplification Bill 2025
Option 4: Unified Tax Code Act
Option 5: Comprehensive Taxation Bill
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: The Income Tax Bill 2025 was introduced to overhaul and simplify the existing Income Tax Act, 1961. It restructures tax laws into 23 chapters and 16 schedules and introduces simplified tax slabs. It aims to provide greater clarity and ease of compliance for individuals and businesses, and is set to be implemented from April 1, 2026.

Question 6: The RBI recently maintained the repo rate at 6.50%. What was the vote count within the Monetary Policy Committee?
Option 1: 6-0
Option 2: 5-1
Option 3: 4-2
Option 4: 3-3
Option 5: 4-1
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: The Reserve Bank of India decided to keep the repo rate unchanged at 6.50% with a 5-1 majority vote. This reflects the RBI’s cautious approach amid inflation concerns, despite stable macroeconomic indicators. The lone dissent indicates ongoing debate within the committee about the best strategy to support growth while curbing inflation.

Question 7: Which nation delivered the second GE-F404 engine for India’s LCA Mark-1A fighter jets?
Option 1: Russia
Option 2: France
Option 3: Germany
Option 4: Israel
Option 5: United States
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: The United States delivered the second GE-F404 engine for India’s Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Mark-1A program. General Electric will provide two engines per month to support India’s indigenous fighter jet manufacturing. This defense collaboration strengthens strategic ties and boosts India’s self-reliance in defense production.

Question 8: In the WCL 2025, which India-Pakistan match was cancelled due to major player withdrawals?
Option 1: World T20 Championship
Option 2: Asia Cup
Option 3: World Championship of Legends
Option 4: Champions Trophy
Option 5: Cricket Legends Cup
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: The World Championship of Legends (WCL) 2025 match between India and Pakistan was cancelled after key Indian players like Shikhar Dhawan and Harbhajan Singh pulled out. The withdrawal of top players impacted tournament scheduling and fan anticipation, underlining how player availability influences international sports events.

Question 9: India’s June 2025 CPI inflation rose to 4.82% mainly due to which factor?
Option 1: Food inflation
Option 2: Fuel price hike
Option 3: GST rate change
Option 4: Rupee depreciation
Option 5: Retail service costs
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for June 2025 rose to 4.82% year-on-year, mainly driven by food inflation. Rising vegetable and grain prices played a significant role in pushing the CPI beyond the RBI’s 4% target band. This trend raises concerns about household spending and policy responses to food supply management.

Question 10: What was India’s total renewable energy capacity addition in the first half of 2025?
Option 1: 18 GW
Option 2: 20 GW
Option 3: 22 GW
Option 4: 24 GW
Option 5: 25 GW
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: India added 22 GW of renewable energy capacity in H1 2025, marking a 57% increase from the same period last year. Solar and wind energy were the primary contributors to this record-setting growth. This aligns with India’s climate commitments under the Paris Agreement and highlights the nation’s leadership in sustainable energy transition.