Table of Contents

Current Affairs Report: May 8, 2025

For students preparing for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, Banking, and other government tests, staying informed about current affairs is essential. This comprehensive report covers the major events of May 8, 2025, drawing from credible sources such as The Hindu, The Indian Express, Times of India, Business Standard, and Insights IAS. The report is structured to provide a clear, engaging, and detailed overview of key developments across politics, governance, economy, social issues, science, technology, environment, defense, and sports, ensuring students gain a competitive edge.

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International Relations and Defense

India’s Operation Sindoor marked a significant moment in its defense strategy, responding decisively to the Pahalgam terror attack that occurred on May 7, 2025. The attack in Kashmir prompted India to launch targeted strikes on 21 terror camps in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK). According to The Hindu, the operation utilized advanced precision-guided missiles, including the SCALP (450 km range), HAMMER (70 km range), BrahMos (Mach 2.8–3, 450–500 km range), and loitering munitions, ensuring minimal collateral damage while neutralizing terrorist infrastructure (The Hindu). The Ministry of Defence reported that the strikes were a direct response to credible intelligence linking the attack to Pakistan-based terror groups.

The operation received widespread political support. Prime Minister Narendra Modi chaired a Cabinet meeting to brief ministers and convened an all-party meeting on May 8, 2025, to ensure transparency across political lines. Opposition leaders, including those from the TMC and other parties, commended the Indian Armed Forces for their precision and bravery. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh emphasized that the strikes were a “quality action” against those testing India’s patience, with at least 100 terrorists reportedly neutralized (Indian Express).

Internationally, Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri briefed envoys from 13 of the 15 United Nations Security Council (UNSC) members, excluding Pakistan, to clarify that the strikes were a measured response, not an escalation. In response, Pakistan’s National Security Committee, led by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, authorized its armed forces to take “corresponding actions.” On the night of May 7–8, Pakistan attempted to engage military targets in northern and western India, including Srinagar, Jammu, and Chandigarh, using drones and missiles. However, India’s robust air defense systems thwarted these attempts, neutralizing threats and maintaining stability (The Hindu).

To bolster preparedness, India implemented extensive security measures. A nationwide civil defense mock drill involved over 10,000 volunteers in Maharashtra alone, testing air-raid warning systems, shelter readiness, and evacuation procedures. Cities like Delhi, Shimla, and Gurdaspur observed blackouts, with Lutyens’ Delhi experiencing a 15-minute blackout from 8:00 PM to 8:15 PM. The Ministry of Home Affairs directed these drills to enhance civilian resilience, with exemptions for critical infrastructure like hospitals and the Prime Minister’s Office (India Today). Additionally, Union Home Minister Amit Shah instructed chief ministers of states bordering Pakistan and Nepal to stock essential goods to mitigate potential disruptions.

In another defense-related development, the Indian Navy’s INS Sharda arrived at Maafilaafushi Atoll in the Maldives for a Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) exercise. This initiative, part of India’s SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) and MAHASAGAR frameworks, strengthens naval cooperation and disaster response capabilities in the Indian Ocean region (Insights IAS).

The Quad (India, Australia, Japan, and the US) also conducted a Tabletop Exercise under the Indo-Pacific Logistics Network (IPLN) in Hawaii, focusing on civilian disaster response and shared logistics. This exercise enhances regional resilience and humanitarian aid coordination, aligning with India’s strategic interests in the Indo-Pacific (Insights IAS).

Politics and Governance

The political landscape was dominated by responses to Operation Sindoor, but other governance developments also emerged. The Supreme Court of India assured the communication of Chief Justice Sanjiv Khanna’s action on an inquiry panel report concerning Justice Yashwant Varma, submitted on May 4, 2025. This step reflects ongoing efforts to maintain judicial transparency and accountability, a critical topic for UPSC aspirants studying constitutional governance (The Hindu).

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), established under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, saw its director, Praveen Sood, receive a one-year tenure extension. The CBI’s role in investigating high-profile corruption and economic offenses makes this development significant for governance-related exam questions (Insights IAS).

The Revised SHAKTI Policy 2025, approved by the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), streamlined coal allocation for thermal power plants. The policy introduces two windows: Window-I (notified price with power purchase agreements) and Window-II (premium basis without PPAs), simplifying eight previous categories into two. This reform aims to reduce coal imports and promote market-driven pricing, impacting energy security and economic policy discussions (Insights IAS).

Economy

Despite geopolitical tensions, India’s economy displayed resilience. On May 8, 2025, the Nifty 50 closed at 24,414.40, remaining flat, while the Sensex ended at 80,746.78, up by 0.13% (Moneycontrol). Analysts noted that the market shrugged off fears of a wider fallout from Operation Sindoor, reflecting confidence in India’s economic fundamentals (5paisa).

A major economic milestone was highlighted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which projected that India would become the fourth-largest economy globally in 2025, overtaking Japan. By 2028, India is expected to climb to the third spot, driven by robust domestic consumption and government spending (Times of India). The 2025 Union Budget introduced significant personal income tax reductions to boost middle-class spending, potentially increasing GDP by 0.6% to 0.7%. However, uncertainties around US tariff rates on Indian exports could offset these gains by 0.1% to 0.3% (Deloitte).

The Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United Kingdom also progressed, granting UK firms access to 40,000 annual tenders in India and boosting Indian exports like meat and shrimp to the South-East Asian diaspora in the UK. However, economists cautioned that prolonged tensions with Pakistan could widen India’s fiscal deficit, though the broader economic impact is expected to remain limited if the conflict stays contained (Business Standard).

Economic Indicator	Details	Source
Nifty 50	Closed at 24,414.40, flat	Moneycontrol
Sensex	Closed at 80,746.78, +0.13%	Moneycontrol
GDP Growth	Projected 6.3%–6.8% for FY 2025–26	Reuters
Fiscal Deficit	May widen if tensions persist	Business Standard

Social Issues

A sobering report by The Lancet underscored a pressing social challenge: over 30% of girls and 13% of boys in India experience sexual violence before age 18, compared to global averages of 18.9% for females and 14.8% for males. The report emphasized that 70% of these incidents occur before age 18, highlighting a critical need for enhanced child protection policies and public awareness campaigns. This issue is vital for UPSC aspirants studying social justice and governance (Insights IAS).

Science and Technology

India’s space ambitions took a significant leap forward as the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the European Space Agency (ESA) signed a Joint Statement of Intent on Human Space Exploration during the Global Space Exploration Conference (GLEX) 2025. This agreement fosters collaboration in space science, technology, and human spaceflight, positioning India as a key player in global space research (Indian Express).

In another scientific milestone, the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) revived two ancient Ayurvedic manuscripts: Dravyaratnākara Nighaṇṭu (1480 AD, 18 chapters) and Dravyanamākara Nighaṇṭu (182 verses). These texts provide valuable pharmacological insights, preserving India’s traditional medicinal heritage and supporting research in Ayurveda (Insights IAS).

Additionally, a new observatory in Purulia, West Bengal, was established to contribute to astrophysics research, while scientists developed technology to shape light for future applications, potentially revolutionizing optical technologies (DST).

Scientific Development	Details	Source
ISRO-ESA Agreement	Joint Statement on Human Space Exploration	Indian Express
Ayurvedic Manuscripts	Revival of Dravyaratnākara and Dravyanamākara Nighaṇṭu	Insights IAS
Purulia Observatory	New facility for astrophysics research	DST

Environment

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) approved a draft Net-Zero Framework to achieve net-zero emissions from ships by 2050. Targeting vessels over 5,000 gross tonnage, which account for 85% of maritime CO₂ emissions, the framework introduces a Global Fuel Standard, carbon pricing, and an IMO Net-Zero Fund. This aligns with global climate goals and is relevant for UPSC questions on international environmental governance (Insights IAS).

India’s commitment to environmental sustainability was further evident in its Forest Rights Act (FRA) 2006, which was highlighted at the CBD COP-16 (2025) for linking community forest governance with conservation. The conference also established a permanent subsidiary body for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) to uphold rights in biodiversity conservation (Insights IAS).

Sports

The sports arena saw a mix of triumph and transition. Rohit Sharma, one of India’s most celebrated cricketers, announced his retirement from Test cricket on May 7, 2025, via an Instagram post. His decision, effective immediately, marks the end of an era for Indian cricket, given his contributions as a batsman and captain (The Hindu). Reports also suggest he is unlikely to lead India in the upcoming five-Test series against England, starting June 20, 2025, with selectors uncertain about his inclusion (India Today).

The Indian Premier League (IPL) 2025 continued to captivate fans. The Gujarat Titans secured a dramatic victory over the Mumbai Indians by three wickets in Hyderabad, climbing to the top of the IPL 2025 standings (Indian Express). Meanwhile, Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) faced Chennai Super Kings (CSK) at Eden Gardens, with MS Dhoni receiving a grand welcome from fans (India Today). The match was notable for Venkatesh Iyer’s absence due to a lackluster season and Ajinkya Rahane’s early dismissal.

In hockey, the Indian Women’s Hockey Team concluded their Australia tour with a 1-0 victory in the fifth match at Perth Hockey Stadium. Vice-captain Navneet Kaur scored the lone goal, providing a morale-boosting win after four consecutive losses (News on Air). The Indian Women’s Cricket Team also advanced to the final of an ODI tri-series in Sri Lanka, with Jemimah Rodrigues scoring a stellar hundred against South Africa (India Today).

Sports Event	Details	Source
Rohit Sharma Retirement	Retired from Test cricket on May 7, 2025	The Hindu
IPL 2025	Gujarat Titans beat Mumbai Indians	Indian Express
Women’s Hockey	1-0 win over Australia	News on Air

Historical Recognition

In a nod to history, Biju Patnaik, a renowned freedom fighter and aviator, was honored by Russia for his role in the Battle of Stalingrad during World War II. Patnaik flew supply missions for the Soviet Red Army in 1942–43, contributing to a pivotal Allied victory. This recognition underscores India’s historical contributions to global events, a potential topic for UPSC essays (Insights IAS).

Conclusion

The events of May 8, 2025, reflect a complex interplay of geopolitical strategy, economic resilience, social challenges, scientific progress, environmental commitment, and sporting achievements. For students, understanding these developments provides critical insights into India’s domestic and global roles. By focusing on credible sources and detailed analysis, this report equips aspirants with the knowledge needed to excel in competitive exams.

Key Citations:

Daily quiz on current affairs with answers

Question 1: What is the name of the Indian military operation launched in response to the Pahalgam terror attack in May 2025?
Option 1: Operation Trident
Option 2: Operation Sindoor
Option 3: Operation Shakti
Option 4: Operation Vijay
Option 5: Operation Parakram
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: India launched Operation Sindoor in response to the Pahalgam terror attack that occurred on May 7, 2025. This strategic operation involved precision air strikes targeting 21 terror camps across Pakistan and PoK, using advanced missile systems like SCALP, HAMMER, and BrahMos. The goal was to dismantle terrorist infrastructure without escalating into a broader conflict.

Question 2: Who recently received a one-year extension as the Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)?
Option 1: Subodh Jaiswal
Option 2: Praveen Sood
Option 3: Rakesh Asthana
Option 4: Rajiv Rai Bhatnagar
Option 5: Y.C. Modi
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: Praveen Sood has been given a one-year extension as the Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). His continuation in the role reflects the government’s trust in his leadership as the agency deals with sensitive corruption and economic crime investigations. The CBI operates under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946.

Question 3: Which of the following missiles used in Operation Sindoor has the longest range?
Option 1: HAMMER
Option 2: Loitering Munition
Option 3: SCALP
Option 4: Nirbhay
Option 5: BrahMos
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: BrahMos has the longest range among the listed options, ranging between 450–500 km and capable of speeds up to Mach 3. In Operation Sindoor, BrahMos was used alongside SCALP (450 km), HAMMER (70 km), and loitering munitions. BrahMos played a key role in delivering high-impact, precision-guided strikes on terror targets.

Question 4: Which country excluded Pakistan while briefing 13 of 15 UNSC members on India’s military response post-May 7, 2025?
Option 1: China
Option 2: Russia
Option 3: France
Option 4: India
Option 5: United States
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: India, through Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri, briefed 13 out of 15 UNSC members—excluding Pakistan—about Operation Sindoor. The objective was to explain that the strikes were a proportionate response to the terror attack and not an escalation. This diplomatic outreach reflects India’s effort to manage international perception and maintain strategic stability.

Question 5: According to IMF projections, which country will India surpass to become the fourth-largest economy in 2025?
Option 1: Germany
Option 2: United Kingdom
Option 3: Japan
Option 4: France
Option 5: Canada
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected that India will overtake Japan to become the fourth-largest global economy in 2025. This growth is attributed to strong domestic consumption and government investment. By 2028, India is expected to become the third-largest economy, reflecting its growing economic influence.

Question 6: Which sportsperson announced retirement from Test cricket on May 7, 2025?
Option 1: Ajinkya Rahane
Option 2: MS Dhoni
Option 3: Cheteshwar Pujara
Option 4: Virat Kohli
Option 5: Rohit Sharma
Answer: Option 5
Explanation: Rohit Sharma, one of India’s most successful cricketers and former Test captain, retired from Test cricket on May 7, 2025. He made the announcement via Instagram, concluding a significant chapter in Indian cricket. His retirement came just ahead of the five-match Test series against England.

Question 7: Which international forum recently approved a draft Net-Zero Framework for maritime emissions by 2050?
Option 1: UNFCCC
Option 2: IPCC
Option 3: IMO
Option 4: World Maritime Council
Option 5: ASEAN
Answer: Option 3
Explanation: The International Maritime Organization (IMO) approved a draft Net-Zero Framework aiming for net-zero emissions from ships by 2050. The framework includes carbon pricing, a Global Fuel Standard, and a Net-Zero Fund. It focuses on vessels over 5,000 gross tonnage, which account for 85% of maritime CO₂ emissions.

Question 8: What was the outcome of the Indian Women’s Hockey Team’s final match during their Australia tour in 2025?
Option 1: Lost 3-2
Option 2: Won 1-0
Option 3: Lost 2-1
Option 4: Match abandoned
Option 5: Drew 2-2
Answer: Option 2
Explanation: The Indian Women’s Hockey Team concluded their Australia tour with a 1-0 victory in the fifth match held at Perth Hockey Stadium. Vice-captain Navneet Kaur scored the only goal of the game, ending the series on a positive note after suffering four consecutive losses.

Question 9: Which Indian initiative was highlighted at CBD COP-16 for linking conservation with community forest governance?
Option 1: National Biodiversity Mission
Option 2: Green India Programme
Option 3: Van Dhan Yojana
Option 4: Forest Rights Act, 2006
Option 5: CAMPA
Answer: Option 4
Explanation: The Forest Rights Act, 2006 was recognized at CBD COP-16 for its role in empowering Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IPLCs) by linking forest conservation with community governance. A permanent subsidiary body for IPLCs was also established, underlining the importance of inclusive biodiversity governance.

Question 10: Which two ancient Ayurvedic texts were recently revived by the CCRAS in 2025?
Option 1: Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita
Option 2: Dravyaratnākara Nighaṇṭu and Dravyanamākara Nighaṇṭu
Option 3: Ashtanga Hridayam and Bhava Prakash
Option 4: Sharangadhara Samhita and Madhava Nidanam
Option 5: Kashyapa Samhita and Rasaratna Samuchchaya
Answer: Option 1
Explanation: The Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS) revived two historical texts: Dravyaratnākara Nighaṇṭu (18 chapters, from 1480 AD) and Dravyanamākara Nighaṇṭu (182 verses). These works are rich in pharmacological information and contribute to preserving and advancing traditional Indian medicinal knowledge.