Climate change is significantly affecting the health of people in Latin America. We see worsening conditions like heatwaves, fires, and the spread of diseases. A report shows heat-related deaths have surged by over 100% in the last two decades.
In 2024, the average temperature in the region rose by 1°C compared to the early 2000s. Some countries, like Bolivia, Venezuela, and Mexico, experienced even greater increases. The most vulnerable—children and the elderly—are suffering the most from these extreme heat events.
The economic toll is staggering. In 2024 alone, climate disasters cost the region over $19 billion. Heat-related labor losses reached $52 billion, while deaths from heat accounted for a yearly economic loss of $855 million.
Additionally, climate change is expanding the range of diseases like dengue fever. The Aedes aegypti mosquito now finds much more favorable conditions for survival, making it 66% more prevalent than it was 70 years ago. In Bolivia, suitable conditions for the mosquito increased by 135%. Argentina has seen outbreaks at historically high levels.
Extreme heat creates not just discomfort but also risks health. It leads to dehydration, heat strokes, and increases the chance of heart and respiratory failures. High temperatures can be particularly dangerous for the elderly and those with chronic illnesses.
Forest fires are compounding these health risks. They have become more frequent, releasing harmful toxins that impact lungs and the heart. Between 2003 and 2024, instances of extreme fire risk rose by 26% in Latin America, doubling in Chile.
Furthermore, infections from bacteria like non-cholera vibrio are increasing, leading to diarrhea and skin issues. Since the 1990s, coastal areas have experienced a 6.7% rise in conditions favorable for such infections.
While adaptation measures are emerging, they are happening slowly. Only nine out of 17 countries coordinate meteorological data with health services. Moreover, less than 20% of future public health professionals are trained on climate change.
On the energy front, while the use of clean energy is growing—renewable generation rose by 9% in the last decade—a staggering 79% of people in Latin America still rely on fossil fuels for cooking. This reliance not only deteriorates air quality but also accelerates global warming.
In essence, Latin America faces a quiet yet urgent crisis. The rising temperatures threaten lives, economies, and ecosystems. There is a pressing need for coordinated action to address this looming disaster—it’s not just an environmental issue; it’s a public health emergency.
For a deeper understanding, you can explore the latest reports by the World Health Organization on climate and health here.
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climate change,extreme heat,health,Latin America,research
