Humans have changed dramatically over many thousands of years. We evolved from ancient apes, who themselves are said to have come from sea creatures that swam through oceans long ago. Modern humans, or Homo sapiens, have been around for about 300,000 years.
In contrast, some animals have remained almost the same for millions of years. These creatures have found a way to thrive without needing to change much at all. Here are nine fascinating examples:
Sharks
Sharks have been around for about 450 million years, dating back to the Silurian period. They’ve survived numerous mass extinctions. Sharks are known for their unique, flexible jaws, which let them eat large prey. Even though species like the megalodon have vanished, frilled sharks and goblin sharks are still swimming today.
Sea Turtles
With tough shells and large eyes, sea turtles are ancient animals, emerging about 230 million years ago. The first sea turtles appeared around 145 million years ago. These gentle reptiles are now facing threats from climate change and pollution, which jeopardize their long history on Earth.
Horseshoe Crabs
Horseshoe crabs are the last representatives of a group that existed over 470 million years ago. Surprisingly, they are more closely related to spiders than to crabs. They play a crucial role in medicine, as their blue blood is used to detect bacterial contamination in vaccines.
Nautilus
Nautiluses are often called “living fossils,” having existed nearly unchanged for 480 million years. They have beautiful spiral shells and live in deep sea reefs. However, they face threats from overfishing and ocean acidification.
Crocodiles
Crocodiles have a lineage that goes back around 95 million years, making them ancient relatives of dinosaurs. They have evolved in various ways over time, but their overall form remains recognizable today. Fossils recently discovered show they once included fast-moving, land-dwelling ancestors that roamed ancient environments.
Cedar Wood Wasps
Cedar wood wasps are the last of their family, dating back some 165 million years. They lay eggs in burnt cedar wood, so they are often found in areas affected by wildfires.
Platypuses
The platypus is a one-of-a-kind creature, with features of mammals, birds, and reptiles. Its ancestors date back about 110 million years. Charles Darwin remarked on their bizarre appearance, suggesting that they were created by more than one source.
Tuatara
Tuatara, often called “living fossils,” emerged around 250 million years ago. They are the last survivors of their reptile order and can mostly be found in New Zealand.
Lungfish
Lungfish have inhabited rivers and swamps for around 410 million years. They are unique because they possess lungs that help them breathe air during droughts, while still being able to live underwater.
Despite their ancient origins, many of these species are currently threatened by environmental changes. Experts warn that preserving the ecosystems these creatures live in is essential for their survival.
For more detailed information, you can visit the Natural History Museum for sharks and Sea Turtle Status for sea turtles.
