Archaeologists recently made an exciting discovery in Barnham, Suffolk, England. They found the oldest-known evidence of early humans deliberately making fire, dating back about 415,000 years. This site was once a pond where Neanderthals are believed to have lived.
Experts believe that earlier humans may have initially used fires created by natural events, like lightning. However, this new finding points to a more advanced understanding of fire-making among early humans. The controlled use of fire was pivotal for our ancestors and is a significant milestone in human evolution.
At the Barnham site, researchers uncovered heated clay, broken handaxes, and pieces of iron pyrite. This specific mineral can create sparks when struck against flint, indicating that Neanderthals transported it to this location to make fires. Nick Ashton, an archaeologist from the British Museum, highlighted this as evidence of intentional fire-making, changing our understanding of when and how early humans learned to use fire.
Previously, the oldest proof of deliberate fire use was found in northern France, dating back around 50,000 years, also linked to Neanderthals. Although no human remains were excavated at Barnham, researchers suggest that the fire-makers were likely early Neanderthals, similar to those discovered in other parts of Europe.
The ability to control fire had profound impacts on human life. It allowed for cooking, which made food easier to digest and safer to consume. This change in diet supported the growth of larger brains. Furthermore, fire provided warmth, enabling early humans to thrive in colder climates.
Rob Davis, another archaeology expert, noted that fire didn’t just keep people warm; it also helped form social bonds. Gathering around a fire allowed groups to connect, share stories, and develop language. This communal aspect of fire use marked an essential step in social evolution.
In mythology, fire is often depicted as a gift, symbolizing knowledge and advancement. For example, in ancient Greek myths, Prometheus is celebrated for bringing fire to humanity. This reflects how fire has been a foundation for community, creativity, and growth throughout human history.
Research like this not only helps us understand our past but also reminds us of the remarkable adaptability and intelligence of our ancestors. As we continue to explore these ancient sites, we uncover more about the lives and innovations that shaped the human experience.
For more about these findings, you can read more about the discovery in the journal Nature here.
