The American pocket shark measures just 5.5 inches long, fitting perfectly in your hand. Remarkably, this little creature glows in the dark due to light organs scattered across its skin. It was discovered in the Gulf of Mexico during a research mission in 2010.
Years later, scientists identified it as a new species, part of a group of sharks rarely caught in research nets. Mark A. Grace, a fisheries biologist at NOAA Fisheries, led this groundbreaking work. His research focuses on marine predators in the Gulf of Mexico.
Pocket sharks have unique features, including two small cavities near their gills whose purpose remains unclear. Their bioluminescent skin makes them one of the smallest glowing sharks known to us today. A detailed study compared them to a Pacific pocket shark found in Chile back in 1979, confirming they belong to the same genus but are separate species.
Grace found the pocket shark while sorting specimens collected by the NOAA ship Pisces, which was gathering data on prey for sperm whales. Unsure of its identity, researchers used careful techniques, including microscopy and X-rays, to avoid damage. They even utilized advanced imaging equipment in France to examine its internal structure with precision.
The tiny shark’s glow likely serves practical purposes. Bioluminescence can help animals communicate or hunt in the darkness of the deep sea. It may also act as a camouflage, allowing them to evade predators. Experts suggest that sudden bursts of luminescent fluid from the pockets could alarm predators or entice prey within reach.
Dr. Grace emphasizes how rare these sharks are, stating that only two have been reported in fisheries science. This highlights the mystery surrounding the Gulf of Mexico’s ecology. According to marine scientists, many ocean species remain undiscovered, particularly those living in deep, unexamined areas.
The case of the American pocket shark shows the importance of diligent research and collaboration among scientists. Data sharing between institutions can lead to significant discoveries, even in overlooked specimens. As we continue to explore our oceans, we may uncover more unique species hiding in the depths.
