Experts Warn: How Climate and Urban Water Stagnation Fuel Brain-Eating Amoeba Infections in Kerala

Amoebic meningoencephalitis is a serious infection caused by a kind of amoeba that can be found in our environment. Health experts have recently noted an increase in cases in Kerala, linking this rise to factors like climate change, warmer water temperatures, and stagnant urban water.

This infection, caused by Naegleria fowleri, is commonly referred to as the brain-eating amoeba. It’s found in freshwater lakes and rivers. There are two main types of infections: primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE).

This year, Kerala has seen 41 cases of amoebic meningoencephalitis, with 18 people currently being treated. Dr. Rajeev Jayadevan, a health expert, explained how this differs from more common infections. Unlike illnesses spread through water by bacteria or viruses, PAM is caused by amoebae found naturally in the environment.

Experts like Dr. Anshu Rohatgi suggest that factors like swimming in untreated water can increase the risk of infection. As water temperatures rise, these amoebae thrive more easily, creating an environment ripe for infection.

These amoebae can enter the body through the nose. Dr. Jayadevan advises against putting water up your nose, as the cavity is close to the brain, making it an easy entry point for these organisms. This risk underscores the importance of keeping water clean. Drinking treated water does not pose a risk of infection, but activities like improper Ayurvedic cleansing methods could.

Kerala’s Health Minister, Veena George, has launched a public campaign to encourage cleanliness in water sources. Maintaining clean water is essential, but experts caution that it is not enough on its own. Amoebae can become resistant and return even in cleaned areas.

Recognizing symptoms early is crucial. Fever, headache, and vomiting are common signs. If you experience these, seek medical help promptly. Awareness and education about this rare but serious infection can help protect communities.

Additional Insight

A study from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that, although infections are rare, they can be fatal. Between 2009 and 2018, there were 34 confirmed cases across the U.S., with a 97% fatality rate. Keeping water sources clean and being cautious while swimming can reduce risks significantly.

For more detailed information, refer to the CDC on Naegleria fowleri.

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