NASA uses high-altitude scientific balloons for research in space science. These balloons can reach about 120,000 feet (36.6 kilometers) in the stratosphere. They are a cost-effective way to conduct important studies in astrophysics, Earth science, and technology testing.
One prime location for these missions is Antarctica. NASA’s Antarctic Long-Duration Balloon campaign operates from the Ross Ice Shelf, close to McMurdo Station. During the austral summer, Antarctica’s stable wind patterns and constant sunlight support long flights, allowing data collection for days or even weeks.
Recently, NASA launched its first balloon of the 2025 Antarctic Balloon Campaign. This mission, which began on December 16, 2025, is carrying an instrument called GAPS (General AntiParticle Spectrometer). Once airborne, it was supported at around 120,000 feet.
The GAPS instrument aims to seek out rare particles from space, particularly antimatter nuclei like antideuterons and antihelium. This is significant because scientists have not yet detected these particles in cosmic rays. If GAPS can identify even one antideuteron, it may provide valuable insights into dark matter, a mysterious form of matter that composes much of the universe but remains unseen.
With GAPS in flight, researchers hope to learn more about the cosmos, contributing to our understanding of fundamental physics and the universe’s structure.
In September 2022, a survey revealed that 66% of people are fascinated by space exploration, highlighting a growing public interest in science. As these balloon missions continue, their findings could inspire even more curiosity about the universe.
For those curious about antimatter and dark matter, you can read more on Space.com.
