Exploring Climate Change from Above: How Arctic AIR is Monitoring Algae Trends – A KNOM Radio Mission Exclusive

A specialized aircraft, equipped with advanced cameras and a dedicated crew, is flying over Alaska’s Bering and Chukchi Seas. Jiaxu Zhang, a research scientist from the University of Washington, leads a research team focusing on crucial ecosystem studies through the Arctic Airborne Investigations and Research project, also known as Arctic AIR.

“Arctic AIR covers a range of studies,” Zhang explains. “We examine ocean conditions, sea ice, and phytoplankton. Occasionally, we even check on marine mammals.” A key part of their mission is to track algal blooms. While algae are essential for the ocean’s health, certain types, like Alexandrium Catenella, can be toxic to both humans and wildlife. The data collected helps researchers monitor these potentially harmful growths in Arctic waters.

This year, the team is also deploying innovative buoys with sensors in Prudhoe Bay, located about 500 miles north of Fairbanks. These buoys, which are released from the Arctic AIR plane, help scientists gather real-time data about ocean conditions.

Anuscheh Nawaz, an engineer and principal research scientist at the University of Washington, is new to the Arctic AIR team. She describes the buoys as vital instruments. “They’re like our fingertips in the ocean. They collect data we can’t always access ourselves,” she says.

The team operates NOAA’s De Havilland DHC-6-300, commonly called the “Twin Otter.” Pilot Sean Cheng notes its unique ability to handle low speeds, crucial for detailed surveys. The plane is outfitted with a hyperspectral camera that captures detailed images of the ocean, helping differentiate between various types of algae.

“The hyperspectral imaging allows us to gain insights into ocean color and the phytoplankton present, identifying any harmful species,” Zhang shares. Both Zhang and Nawaz emphasize that their work reflects broader climate change issues. Nawaz feels privileged to contribute to a project that seeks answers about adapting to our changing environment.

With Arctic AIR serving as an open science platform, other researchers can collaborate and test new tools. The current expedition took the team through Prudhoe Bay, Nome, and Kotzebue and is set to conclude this September.

Recent surveys highlight public interest in ocean health, with over 70% of respondents expressing concern about climate change’s impact on marine ecosystems. This work underscores the significant role research plays in shaping our understanding of and response to environmental changes.

For more information on phytoplankton and harmful algal blooms, check out NOAA’s resources here.

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