Climate change is a major issue for India. With its diverse geography, the country faces unique challenges that affect millions of people, ecosystems, and the economy. Rising temperatures, unpredictable rainfalls, and severe weather are becoming more common, leading to serious social, economic, and environmental impacts.
Over the last few decades, temperatures in India have steadily increased. The India Meteorological Department reports a rise of about 0.7°C from 1901 to 2018. If emissions continue at current rates, temperatures could rise by an additional 2-4°C by the century’s end. This increase has brought more frequent and intense heatwaves, especially in northern and central India. These heatwaves not only threaten health but also strain water and energy resources.
The Indian monsoon is essential for farming and water supply, but it’s become less reliable due to climate change. Some areas are experiencing droughts while others face floods, both of which threaten food security. Agriculture employs about 50% of the Indian workforce, so these changes directly impact livelihoods. Poor rainfall or too much rain can lead to crop failures, causing economic hardship, and driving people from rural to urban areas in search of better opportunities.
With a coastline of approximately 7,500 kilometers, India is also at risk from rising sea levels. Cities like Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata are increasingly vulnerable to floods and coastal erosion. The melting ice in the Himalayas contributes to this problem, threatening low-lying areas like the Sundarbans. Additionally, higher salinity in coastal regions impacts agriculture and drinking water supplies, putting local communities at risk.
The occurrences of severe weather events like cyclones, floods, and droughts have surged recently. Powerful storms such as Cyclone Amphan and Cyclone Tauktae caused extensive damage, while flash floods have devastated regions like Uttarakhand and Kerala. Prolonged droughts in states like Maharashtra have worsened water crises. These situations highlight the urgent need for better disaster preparedness and climate-resilient infrastructure.
India’s rich biodiversity is also under threat. Rising temperatures and changing rain patterns disrupt habitats. Vulnerable areas like the Himalayas and Western Ghats are critical for many species, including the Bengal tiger and Asian elephant. Coral reefs are suffering from bleaching triggered by warmer seas, which has long-lasting effects on marine life and local fisheries.
The Indian government is taking action to address climate change. The National Action Plan on Climate Change outlines missions focused on solar energy, improving energy efficiency, conserving water, and promoting sustainable farming. India is also committed to reducing carbon emissions under the Paris Agreement, aiming for net-zero emissions by 2070. Efforts to expand renewable energy, particularly solar and wind, are making India a frontrunner in clean energy.
Despite these efforts, more needs to be done. Building climate resilience, enhancing disaster management, and encouraging sustainable urban development are critical. Raising public awareness and engaging communities will also play a vital role in tackling climate challenges effectively.
Climate change remains a significant threat to India’s environment, economy, and people’s well-being. While progress has been made, the increasing occurrence of severe weather and environmental degradation calls for urgent action. Embracing sustainable practices and green technologies can help minimize these risks and pave the way for a more secure future for all.
Check out this related article: Strengthening Environmental Governance: TN Introduces Two New Expert Appraisal Panels for a Greener Future
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