The recent Environmental Implementation Review from the European Commission highlights a worrying trend in Luxembourg’s climate efforts. The report states that the Grand Duchy is not investing enough in climate protection — about €403 million less than needed. The ideal annual investment is around €1.7 billion, but current spending sits at €1.3 billion.
This investment gap translates to 0.52% of Luxembourg’s gross domestic product (GDP). Alongside this shortfall, the Commission flags various environmental issues, particularly municipal waste management.
In 2022, each person in Luxembourg generated 721 kg of municipal waste. While this number is down from previous highs of over 800 kg in 2016-2021, it still surpasses the EU average of 515 kg. Although cross-border commuters contribute to this waste, increased consumption and evolving definitions of waste also play roles.
Luxembourg’s material recycling rate is 10.2%, below the EU average of 11.8%. The country sees an average use of 209 kg of plastic packaging per person, compared to the EU average of 186 kg. Though Luxembourg aims to meet EU recycling targets by 2025, it has requested a deadline extension to 2030 for reducing plastic packaging.
Environmental Challenges
Air quality in Luxembourg is generally good, but noise pollution is a pressing issue. An estimated 25,000 residents struggle with sleep issues due to traffic noise. This is linked to around 50 recorded cases of cardiovascular diseases attributed to noise pollution.
Water quality is also concerning. None of Luxembourg’s surface waters achieve good chemical status, and only half of its groundwater bodies are chemically intact. Problems arise from pesticides and nitrates, with some groundwater areas failing protection tests for drinking water.
However, there’s a silver lining: of the 17 analyzed bathing water sites in 2023, 15 were rated as “excellent” and the remaining two as “good.”
Biodiversity at Risk
In terms of biodiversity, Luxembourg has made strides, with 27.1% of its territory under the EU’s Natura 2000 network, significantly above the EU average of 18.6%. Still, issues remain; only 15% of animal species and 32% of habitats are healthy. A mere 4% of agricultural land supports biodiversity through hedges or flower strips.
Forest coverage is at 36.5%, but only 14.5% of trees are considered healthy, facing challenges from drought and pests.
Transportation Emissions
The transport sector remains a significant contributor to emissions, accounting for 60% of national greenhouse gas emissions in 2022. Although emissions from this sector have dropped by 42% since 2005, expert opinions suggest more improvement is essential. Luxembourg aims for a 56% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, exceeding the initial goal of 50%.
Conclusion
Luxembourg is at a crossroads with its environmental policies. While some progress has been made, urgent action is needed in investment and management of waste, biodiversity, and emissions. The country must prioritize sustainable practices to ensure a healthier future for its citizens and the environment. For further details on these findings, you can refer to the European Commission report.
