Exploring the Paradox of Modern Physics: The Dance of Angels and Demons in Scientific Discovery | Aeon Essays

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Exploring the Paradox of Modern Physics: The Dance of Angels and Demons in Scientific Discovery | Aeon Essays

What do angels have to do with movement and the physical world? It’s a fascinating question rooted in history. In the 12th century, the philosopher Maimonides suggested that certain forces in the universe could be explained by invisible beings, like angels. He believed that even the act of orgasm could be seen as influenced by an “angel in charge of lust.”

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Back in medieval times, before we understood concepts like gravity, scholars used angels to explain why things moved. Maimonides thought that celestial bodies, like planets, moved along their orbits because of these divine intelligences. While today most scientists wouldn’t entertain such ideas, early beliefs in angels inadvertently shaped the foundations of physics.

Interestingly, as time passed and the belief in angels waned, their legacy remained. Physicists still considered incorporeal forces to explain phenomena they couldn’t yet understand. This brings to mind the concept of “Maxwell’s demon.” In a thought experiment, this hypothetical being can sort particles to challenge our understanding of thermodynamics. Today, many physicists see it as a symbol of how information and thermodynamic processes connect.

The medieval era also sparked intense debates about the nature of angels and their role in motion. Thinkers like Thomas Aquinas wrestled with tough questions: If angels are immaterial, how can they exist in specific places? Scholars sought answers within the framework of Aristotle’s physics, which defined movement and place in a way that didn’t easily allow for beings without bodies.

Aristotle believed objects moved because of their inherent nature. For instance, fire rises because that is its natural direction. However, his ideas created complexities when applied to angels. They needed to be confined to a location to avoid being seen as omnipotent like God. Aquinas proposed that angels occupy space by their actions rather than physical dimensions.

These discussions reached a boiling point with the Condemnations of 1277, a series of restrictions on certain philosophical beliefs. Among them was a ban on the idea that angels could be located merely by their actions. This limitation pushed thinkers like John Duns Scotus to innovate and redefine how we understand location and essence.

Scotus introduced a mathematical concept of place, one not bound by the physical dimensions as Aristotle had defined it. This rethinking allowed for a new way to consider how immaterial beings like angels could exist. According to Scotus, angels possess a “passive power” that permits them to occupy a place without being confined like material bodies.

This revolutionary shift not only transformed angelology but also laid groundwork for modern physics. With Scotus’s ideas, the relationship between space and bodies changed forever, allowing for more nuanced discussions about the cosmos.

Even as scientific beliefs evolved, the supernatural explanations didn’t vanish. In the 1800s, thinkers like Pierre-Simon Laplace envisioned a being (similar to angels) that could predict every event in the universe based on complete knowledge. This idea was later challenged by developments in quantum mechanics, showing that our understanding of the universe is anything but straightforward.

Today, many view the discussion of angels as a relic of a bygone era. Yet, if we dig deeper, we find that these concepts helped shape modern science. They made people question how the immaterial could interact with the physical realm. This interplay, rich with metaphysical speculation, served as a foundation for grappling with the unseen forces that science continues to study.

So when we think about movement and invisibility—whether it’s gravity, motion, or the very nature of space—we might want to consider the enduring legacy of angelic thought. These ideas might seem antiquated now, but they offer a unique lens through which we can explore the universe. Our modern exploration of the cosmos might just owe something to those early discussions about angels.

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