From Manoj ‘Bharat’ Kumar to Sunny Deol: Exploring the Heartfelt Journey of Bollywood Patriotism

One way to explore Indian nationalism is through cinema, especially Bollywood, and how it has shaped the idea of patriotism over the years. With the recent passing of Manoj Kumar, fondly called “Bharat,” we have an opportunity to reflect on his impact. He portrayed the ideal Indian—embodying patriotism, lawful living, and good citizenship—through deeply relatable characters.

Kumar’s films resonated with audiences during tumultuous times, particularly from the Indo-China War in 1962 to the Emergency. In movies like Upkar (1967), he played characters that symbolized the hardworking Indian. He was an ordinary soldier and a humble farmer from Haryana, showcasing the beauty and resilience of the Indian spirit. His characters reminded viewers of their own struggles and dreams, reflecting society’s changing values while also encouraging a sense of duty.

His portrayal of Bhagat Singh in Shaheed (1965) did more than entertain; it brought attention to historical heroes and inspired a generation. After the film’s success, former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri encouraged Kumar to create Upkar, which further solidified his image as a national icon. The theme “Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan” from Upkar became a heartfelt slogan for many, expressing respect for both soldiers and farmers.

The cultural narrative shifted in the late 1960s. In Purab Aur Paschim (1969), Kumar addressed issues of cultural identity, especially for Indians living abroad. The film highlighted a stark contrast between traditional Indian values and Western influences, mirroring societal concerns about globalization and cultural disconnect.

As the 1970s unfolded, India faced economic challenges, leading to the release of Roti Kapada Aur Makaan (1974). This film captured the struggles of unemployment and poverty, reflecting the harsh realities of life for many Indians. The character fought for dignity and rights in an era filled with despair, resonating with an audience that battled similar hardships.

Yet, the rise of Amitabh Bachchan in the late 1970s symbolized a new wave of cinema, marked by the angry young man. This shift was a response to the political landscape and the frustrations of youth during the Emergency. Amitabh’s characters mirrored a growing disillusionment with authority, depicted through films like Zanjeer (1973) and Deewar (1975), which diverged from Kumar’s embodiment of idealized nationalism.

Over time, trends in Bollywood continued to evolve. From the patriotic themes of the 1990s, represented by films like Roja which not only highlighted nationalism but also complex narratives involving identity, to contemporary films that often frame events through nationalistic lenses, the portrayal of Indian identity remains a powerful theme.

Today, patriotism in Bollywood may often lean toward hard nationalism, with films like Uri: The Surgical Strike feeding into current political narratives. While Manoj Kumar’s Bharat celebrated the essence of a united India, modern portrayals often engage with themes of conflict, aggression, and a polarizing view of the enemy.

The way cinema reflects changing attitudes towards nationalism tells us much about the society that produces it. As viewers, we engage in these narratives, often influenced by our surroundings, social media trends, and ongoing issues.

In summary, Manoj Kumar’s films remind us of the evolving narrative of Indian nationalism. From celebrating farmers and soldiers to addressing socio-political concerns, cinema remains a powerful tool in shaping our collective identity. As audiences, we resonate with these stories, reflecting our hopes and frustrations in a complex and changing world.

For further insights, the National Film Archive of India offers extensive resources on the evolution of Indian cinema and its role in nationalism.

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1980s Bollywood,Emergency,Indira Gandhi,Manoj Kumar