A flotilla headed to Gaza is navigating through risky waters, a route fraught with challenges. Israel’s military is gearing up to intervene, with plans to board the ships and detain hundreds of activists onboard. This mission, known as the Global Sumud Flotilla, is the largest of its kind, featuring over 50 vessels from 44 nations. The goal? To break through Israel’s naval blockade and deliver essential aid to Gaza.
Navigating Waters: What You Need to Know
Countries control nearby waters called territorial waters, extending up to 12 nautical miles from shore. Beyond that is the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), reaching up to 200 nautical miles. Here, nations can manage resources like fishing and drilling but must allow freedom of navigation for others.
International waters, which cover about 64% of the world’s oceans, lie beyond national jurisdictions. Governed by the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), these waters are open to all countries.
The High Seas and Its Laws
Under UNCLOS, ships in international waters enjoy freedom of movement. Activities like fishing, laying cables, and scientific research are allowed but must follow international regulations. Ships flying their national flag govern themselves there, except when involved in piracy or unauthorized actions.
A History of Interception
Israel has a history of intercepting ships in international waters. A notable incident occurred in 2010 when Israeli forces attacked the Mavi Marmara, resulting in the deaths of ten activists. This event sparked worldwide outrage and heightened tensions between Israel and Turkey.
In recent years, UN experts have reiterated that humanitarian missions must not be obstructed in international waters. In 2024, they recognized the right of free passage for the Freedom Flotilla, emphasizing the need for Israel to respect this principle.
Expert Perspectives
Stephen Cotton, General Secretary of the International Transport Workers’ Federation, has stated that attacking humanitarian vessels in international waters goes against international law. He emphasized that such actions jeopardize safety at sea and undermine essential maritime principles. The law clearly favors humanitarian missions, ensuring their protection under international guidelines.
According to the Freedom Flotilla Coalition, their mission is not just lawful but strongly backed by international laws, including:
- UNCLOS: Ensures freedom of navigation.
- San Remo Manual: Prevents starvation through blockades.
- UN Security Council Resolutions: Call for unimpeded humanitarian access.
- Fourth Geneva Convention: Mandates the free passage of aid.
These legal protections aim to safeguard humanitarian efforts and support civilians in crisis.
As the Sumud Flotilla moves forward, it features not only a significant humanitarian mission but a broader act of defiance against restrictions that hinder aid delivery in times of need.
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