Health Alert: Hawaiʻi Officials Warn of Kīlauea Vog Hazards—What You Need to Know

(BIVN) – The eruption at Kīlauea’s summit is currently paused, but residents are urged to stay cautious due to ongoing volcanic gas emissions. The Hawaiʻi Department of Health recently reminded locals and visitors to take protective measures against volcanic smog, or vog, which is affecting air quality across the islands.

The last episode of the eruption ended on April 22, with the last recorded sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emission rate being about 1,200 tonnes per day as of April 10. For context, during active eruptive bursts, these emissions can reach staggering levels of 50,000 tonnes per day. Such fluctuations can have significant effects on air quality and public health.

Since the eruption started on December 23, 2024, air quality has fluctuated across several monitoring stations in Hawaiʻi Island, Maui, and Oʻahu. While many stations report acceptable air quality, some areas, particularly in southern Hawaiʻi, have faced unhealthy conditions at times. It’s vital to be aware of the changing air quality, which can alter quickly due to emissions and wind patterns.

According to the Hawaiʻi Department of Health, poor air quality can lead to a range of health issues, from minor irritations to serious respiratory problems. The risks are particularly high for certain groups, including:

• Individuals with existing respiratory conditions
• Children and infants
• The elderly
• People who spend time outdoors regularly
• Pregnant women

For those affected by vog, here are some recommended precautions:

• Monitor your health. Seek medical help if symptoms worsen, especially for respiratory issues.
• Keep necessary medications and inhalers close at hand.
• Avoid strenuous outdoor activities to limit exposure.
• Stay indoors with windows closed and use air conditioning to recirculate indoor air.
• While masks might help against ash, they do not effectively protect against gases like SO₂.
• Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
• Consider temporary relocation if air quality is severely impacted.
• Have an emergency plan ready for family safety.

Interestingly, recent data shows that volcanic activity can contribute significantly to air quality issues in Hawaii. Studies from the U.S. Geological Survey highlight how these emissions can cause spikes in particulate matter, which poses health risks, especially during periods of increased activity.

Being informed and prepared is essential for safely navigating the challenges posed by volcanic emissions. For more updates, check the Hawaiʻi Air Quality Data on [Hawaiʻi Department of Health’s Clean Air Branch](https://health.hawaii.gov/cab/). Staying aware can make a difference, allowing everyone to enjoy the beauty of the islands safely while respecting the natural forces at play.

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