Guwahati: In rural Assam, a local resident, Krishnajyoti Borsaikia, witnessed a Teltopi Xorai, or sand martin, fall from fatigue during a harsh heatwave. Concerned for the bird, Borsaikia offered it water and shade before it took flight again. He couldn’t help but wonder what its chances of survival would be.
Assam, once celebrated for its rich wildlife, is facing serious environmental challenges. Deforestation and poor management of natural resources are taking a toll on the ecosystem. The Teltopi is often found near rivers and wetlands, where it nests in sandy banks. With increasing habitat loss, their survival is at risk.
“These birds are vital to our biodiversity,” Borsaikia noted as he released the exhausted bird. Habitat destruction from things like construction and extreme heat is making it hard for many species to thrive. Protecting these natural spaces is crucial.
Beena Saikia, an ornithologist in Guwahati, remarks on the troubling trend: “We’re seeing species disappear from places where they used to thrive.” Studies show that extreme heat is playing a big role in this decline, directly impacting local ecosystems.
Recent research from the University of Queensland highlights a shocking reality. Tropical birds, like those in Assam, face ten times more extreme heat than they did 60 years ago. “These birds are particularly vulnerable to temperature changes,” Professor Biren Choudhury, a climate scientist, explains. This rise in heat contributes significantly to declining bird populations.
The Bordoibam-Bilmukh Bird Sanctuary has seen a staggering 72% drop in bird species over the last 27 years. Local conservationist Manas Bordoloi recalls a time when migratory birds filled the sanctuary. “It’s worrying how quiet it’s become,” he said. Factors like habitat loss and human activity are behind this decline.
Another area of concern is the Maguri-Motapung wetland, which suffered greatly from the 2020 Baghjan gas leak and fire. This incident devastated habitats, severely impacting vulnerable bird species.
Despite these issues, there is some good news. Conservation efforts for the Greater Adjutant Stork, or hargila, have been successful. Their population has grown from about 450 to over 1,800 thanks to dedicated efforts. Nonetheless, threats like habitat loss remain a challenge.
In urban settings, such as Guwahati, even crow populations are declining due to urbanization and tree removal. This reflects a larger trend: human activities are heavily influencing bird species across Assam.
To combat the declines, local communities are stepping up. Conservation initiatives are taking shape, focusing on habitat restoration and protection. Experts stress that we need comprehensive strategies to tackle climate change, habitat degradation, and human-wildlife conflicts to protect Assam’s avian diversity.
With ongoing efforts and dedication, the future for Assam’s birds can be brighter. By working together, communities can help ensure these species thrive for generations to come.
