How Recent Changes to Federal Food Assistance Could Impact Thousands of Illinoisans

Hundreds of thousands of people in Illinois may soon lose food assistance benefits due to new changes in federal policy. This shift comes from the “One Big, Beautiful Bill Act,” signed into law by President Trump on July 4. The new legislation alters several social services, including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

SNAP, originally launched during the Great Depression, helps low-income Americans buy food. It was renamed in 2008 but has always relied on federal funding to provide benefits. Recently, work requirements for eligibility have expanded. Now, individuals up to age 64—including homeless people, veterans, and young adults exiting foster care—will need to work 80 hours a month to qualify for assistance. Previously, this requirement only applied to those aged 18-54.

These changes could impact around 360,000 people in Illinois, leaving them at risk of losing their eligibility. Governor JB Pritzker criticized these adjustments, stating, “The Trump administration would rather see children go hungry than make necessary changes.” As of March 2025, approximately 1.9 million residents were utilizing SNAP in the state.

Moreover, the law places additional financial burdens on states. Starting in fiscal year 2028, states with an error rate above 10% will need to cover 15% of SNAP benefit costs. Illinois’ error rate was reported at 11% in fiscal year 2024, meaning the state could face a significant expense—up to $705 million based on projected benefits.

According to the Congressional Budget Office, these changes are expected to decrease federal spending on SNAP by $279 billion over the next decade, while increasing state expenses by $121 billion. Some states may even choose to scale back their participation in the program due to these new costs.

In reaction to these developments, Pritzker and 22 other governors expressed concern, signaling that states could pull back from SNAP as a result of the added financial strain. As food security remains a pressing issue, these legislative changes may reshape the landscape of support for low-income families.

For more information on SNAP benefits and eligibility, you can visit the USDA’s official page on the topic.

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