America is facing a food system crisis, and a key part of that crisis is the shortage of livestock veterinarians. These professionals are crucial for keeping our food supply safe, but they are in short supply. In fact, over 500 counties across 46 states lack enough veterinarians for food animals. Only 1.3% of registered vets focus on this essential area, which is alarming considering U.S. farms provide more than 94% of the red meat and poultry we consume.
The role of food animal veterinarians is vital. They inspect livestock, give vaccines, and advise farmers on herd health, ensuring that family farms can thrive and our food remains safe. However, the number of these veterinarians has dropped by 90% since the 1950s. Why is this happening?
One significant factor is the high cost of veterinary education, with graduates averaging $150,000 in student debt. Those who wish to work with livestock often earn less than their peers in small animal practices. Additionally, the job comes with unique challenges. Rural veterinarians travel long distances and endure physically demanding tasks. They’re frequently on call, which adds to the stress.
This shortage affects farmers directly. With fewer vets available, farmers face tough choices: delay treatment or let animals suffer. This situation jeopardizes not only farms but also the entire food supply chain. Foodborne illnesses affect about 9 million Americans each year, a number that could rise if we don’t address this crisis.
According to research from the American Veterinary Medical Association, about 60% of veterinarians in food animal practice plan to retire within the next decade, exacerbating the problem. If we don’t act quickly, the ripple effects could impact grocery stores and dinner tables across the country.
Fortunately, there are solutions. Loan repayment options and scholarships are making a difference. For example, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has a Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program that offers up to $40,000 annually for students who commit to working in shortage areas. Additionally, organizations like Merck Animal Health are stepping up. They awarded over $1.5 million in scholarships and grants in 2024 to support veterinary students and have launched educational programs in collaboration with the Farm Journal Foundation.
Recruitment strategies must also adapt. Research shows that students from rural areas are more likely to return and work within their communities. Veterinary schools could do more to identify and support these students. Enhancing hands-on training and virtual learning can prepare future vets better for real-world challenges.
Revitalizing rural veterinary care is essential for maintaining vibrant communities and safeguarding our food system. By investing in the next generation of livestock veterinarians, we can help ensure that our farms and food supply remain secure.
Justin Welsh, DVM, is the executive director of U.S. livestock technical services at Merck Animal Health.
