The Expansion of the 287(g) Program: A New Era in Immigration Enforcement
The 287(g) program, which allows local law enforcement to act as immigration agents, is experiencing a significant expansion under President Donald Trump’s administration. This program has become a key part of Trump’s immigration strategy, particularly during his second term.
On his first day in office, Trump signed an executive order aimed at maximizing the use of 287(g) agreements. This initiative has led to a swift increase in the number of active agreements. In 2019, there were only 45 agreements in place, but by early 2025, that number skyrocketed to 1,412 across 40 states.
What is the 287(g) Program?
The 287(g) program was established in 1996. It permits local and state law enforcement to enforce federal immigration laws, including questioning, investigating, and detaining individuals for immigration violations. Critics argue that this program can lead to racial profiling and civil rights abuses.
Doris Meissner, who once led the Immigration and Naturalization Service, claims the current use of 287(g) is unprecedented. “There’s never been such a mobilization around immigration enforcement,” she said.
Effectiveness and Criticism
The effectiveness of the 287(g) program has come under scrutiny. While the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) claims these agreements are crucial for public safety, data on arrests and deportations linked to the program is unclear.
In January 2026, DHS reported over 675,000 deportations in the previous year, suggesting a hefty immigration enforcement push. However, allegations of targeting innocent individuals, including U.S. citizens and legal residents, raise concerns.
Annie Lai, an immigration law professor, warns that involving local police in immigration enforcement can exacerbate civil rights violations. She recounts a legal battle against patterns of unjust practices by local law enforcement while they participated in a 287(g) partnership.
States Taking Action
Recently, states like Virginia and Maryland are pushing back against the program. Virginia’s governor issued an executive order to terminate its 287(g) agreements, while a Maryland bill aims to prevent any new agreements.
Local agencies participating in the program can receive funding and additional training from ICE, which some argue may dilute accountability.
Historical Perspective
Historically, the 287(g) program has seen mixed usage. Under previous administrations, it was utilized much less aggressively than currently. The 1996 law was initially aimed at identifying and deporting dangerous criminals, not everyday undocumented individuals.
John Torres, a former immigration enforcement officer, noted that 287(g) was often seen as a burden on local resources. Community leaders expressed concerns about costs and potential liabilities.
Public Perception and Future Trends
Public reaction to the 287(g) program spans a wide spectrum. Some view it as a necessary tool for combating crime, while others see it as an infringement on civil rights. Recent social media discussions reflect this divide, with many using platforms to voice support or opposition to expanded immigration enforcement.
As the 287(g) program continues to evolve, its impact on communities, local law enforcement, and immigrants remains a heated topic. Enhanced scrutiny and ongoing debates will likely shape its future in American immigration policy.
Overall, the expansion of the 287(g) program marks a new chapter in the relationship between local law enforcement and federal immigration enforcement. Its effectiveness, implications, and community responses will be critical to monitor in the coming years.
